protocol

lemmatizer_protocol

Lemmatization protocol for words represented as atoms, lists of characters, or lists of character codes.

Availability:
logtalk_load(lemmatization(loader))
Author: Paulo Moura
Version: 1:0:0
Date: 2026-09-08
Compilation flags:
static
Dependencies:
(none)
Remarks:
(none)
Inherited public predicates:
(none)

Public predicates

lemma/2

Enumerates the distinct lemmas of a word in provider preference order. Returns the normalized word when no lemma is recognized.

Compilation flags:
static
Template:
lemma(Word,Lemma)
Mode and number of proofs:
lemma(+text,-text) - one_or_more_or_error
Exceptions:
The Representation parameter is a variable:
instantiation_error
The Representation parameter is neither a variable nor atom, chars, or codes:
domain_error(text_representation,Representation)
The Language parameter is a variable:
instantiation_error
The Language parameter neither a variable nor an object identifier:
type_error(object_identifier,Language)
The Language parameter is an object identifier but not an object conforming to lemmatizer_language_protocol:
domain_error(lemmatizer_language_protocol,Language)
Word is not ground:
instantiation_error
The Representation parameter is atom but Word is not an atom:
type_error(atom,Word)
The Representation parameter is chars but Word is not a list of characters:
type_error(chars,Word)
The Representation parameter is codes but Word is not a list of character codes:
type_error(codes,Word)

lemma/3

Lemmatizes a word using the given options. Recognized options are part_of_speech(PartOfSpeech), ambiguity(Policy), where Policy is first or all, and unknown(Policy), where Policy is normalize, preserve, or fail.

Compilation flags:
static
Template:
lemma(Word,Lemma,Options)
Mode and number of proofs:
lemma(+text,-text,+list(compound)) - zero_or_more_or_error
Exceptions:
The Representation parameter is a variable:
instantiation_error
The Representation parameter is neither a variable nor atom, chars, or codes:
domain_error(text_representation,Representation)
The Language parameter is a variable:
instantiation_error
The Language parameter neither a variable nor an object identifier:
type_error(object_identifier,Language)
The Language parameter is an object identifier but not an object conforming to lemmatizer_language_protocol:
domain_error(lemmatizer_language_protocol,Language)
Word is not ground:
instantiation_error
The Representation parameter is atom but Word is not an atom:
type_error(atom,Word)
The Representation parameter is chars but Word is not a list of characters:
type_error(chars,Word)
The Representation parameter is codes but Word is not a list of character codes:
type_error(codes,Word)
Options is a variable:
instantiation_error
Options is neither a variable nor a list:
type_error(list,Options)
An element Option of the list Options is a variable:
instantiation_error
An element Option of the list Options is neither a variable nor a compound term:
type_error(compound,Option)
An element Option of the list Options is a compound term but not a valid option:
domain_error(option,Option)
An element of the list Options is a parts_of_speech/1 option, which is only valid for lemmas/3:
domain_error(option,parts_of_speech(A))

lemmas/2

Lemmatizes a list of words, selecting the first lemma for each word and preserving order. Returns normalized words when no lemma is recognized.

Compilation flags:
static
Template:
lemmas(Words,Lemmas)
Mode and number of proofs:
lemmas(+list(text),-list(text)) - one_or_error
Exceptions:
The Representation parameter is a variable:
instantiation_error
The Representation parameter is neither a variable nor atom, chars, or codes:
domain_error(text_representation,Representation)
The Language parameter is a variable:
instantiation_error
The Language parameter neither a variable nor an object identifier:
type_error(object_identifier,Language)
The Language parameter is an object identifier but not an object conforming to lemmatizer_language_protocol:
domain_error(lemmatizer_language_protocol,Language)
Words is a variable or a partial list:
instantiation_error
Words is neither a variable nor a list:
type_error(list,Words)
An element Word of the list Words is not ground:
instantiation_error
The Representation parameter is atom but a ground element Word of the list Words is not an atom:
type_error(atom,Word)
The Representation parameter is chars but an element Word of the list Words is not a list of characters:
type_error(chars,Word)
The Representation parameter is codes but an element Word of the list Words is not a list of character codes:
type_error(codes,Word)

lemmas/3

Lemmatizes a list of words using the given options. In addition to the scalar options, accepts parts_of_speech(PartsOfSpeech) for per-word hints. The part_of_speech/1 and parts_of_speech/1 options are mutually exclusive.

Compilation flags:
static
Template:
lemmas(Words,Lemmas,Options)
Mode and number of proofs:
lemmas(+list(text),-list(text),+list(compound)) - zero_or_more_or_error
Exceptions:
The Representation parameter is a variable:
instantiation_error
The Representation parameter is neither a variable nor atom, chars, or codes:
domain_error(text_representation,Representation)
The Language parameter is a variable:
instantiation_error
The Language parameter neither a variable nor an object identifier:
type_error(object_identifier,Language)
The Language parameter is an object identifier but not an object conforming to lemmatizer_language_protocol:
domain_error(lemmatizer_language_protocol,Language)
Words is a variable or a partial list:
instantiation_error
Words is neither a variable nor a list:
type_error(list,Words)
An element Word of the list Words is not ground:
instantiation_error
The Representation parameter is atom but a ground element Word of the list Words is not an atom:
type_error(atom,Word)
The Representation parameter is chars but an element Word of the list Words is not a list of characters:
type_error(chars,Word)
The Representation parameter is codes but an element Word of the list Words is not a list of character codes:
type_error(codes,Word)
Options is a variable:
instantiation_error
Options is neither a variable nor a list:
type_error(list,Options)
An element Option of the list Options is a variable:
instantiation_error
An element Option of the list Options is neither a variable nor a compound term:
type_error(compound,Option)
An element Option of the list Options is a compound term but not a valid option:
domain_error(option,Option)
The part_of_speech(POS) and parts_of_speech(PsOS) options are both present:
consistency_error(mutually_exclusive_options,part_of_speech(POS),parts_of_speech(PsOS))
The Words and PartsOfSpeech lists have different lengths:
consistency_error(same_length,Words,PartsOfSpeech)

Protected predicates

(none)

Private predicates

(none)

Operators

(none)

See also

lemmatizer_language_protocol, lemmatizer(Representation,Language)