Character vector of names to add to the new counter.

A counter object, defined for internal purposes only.

Character vector of names to add to the counter.

Name of the target. tar_cue_age() expects an unevaluated symbol for the name argument, whereas tar_cue_age_raw() expects a character string for name.

R code to run the target and return a value.

A difftime object of length 1, such as as.difftime(3, units = "days"). If the target's output data files are older than age (according to the most recent time stamp over all the target's output files) then the target will rerun. On the other hand, if at least one data file is younger than Sys.time() - age, then the ordinary invalidation rules apply, and the target may or not rerun. If you want to force the target to run every 3 days, for example, set age = as.difftime(3, units = "days").

Code to define a dynamic branching branching for a target. In tar_target(), pattern is an unevaluated expression, e.g. tar_target(pattern = map(data)). In tar_target_raw(), command is an evaluated expression, e.g. tar_target_raw(pattern = quote(map(data))).

To demonstrate dynamic branching patterns, suppose we have a pipeline with numeric vector targets x and y. Then, tar_target(z, x + y, pattern = map(x, y)) implicitly defines branches of z that each compute x[1] + y[1], x[2] + y[2], and so on. See the user manual for details.

Logical, whether to enable tidy evaluation when interpreting command and pattern. If TRUE, you can use the "bang-bang" operator ⁠!!⁠ to programmatically insert the values of global objects.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the user-specified storage format changed. The storage format is user-specified through tar_target() or tar_option_set().

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the user-specified storage repository changed. The storage repository is user-specified through tar_target() or tar_option_set().

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the user-specified iteration method changed. The iteration method is user-specified through tar_target() or tar_option_set().

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

A targets::tar_cue() object. (See the "Cue objects" section for background.) This cue object should contain any optional secondary invalidation rules, anything except the mode argument. mode will be automatically determined by the age argument of tar_age().

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

Return value of a target. Must be a data frame.

Tibble with the set of static values that the current target uses.

An expression with special syntax to define a collection of targets in a pipeline. Example: tar_assign(x <- tar_target(get_data())) is equivalent to list(tar_target(x, get_data())). The rules of the syntax are as follows:

• The code supplied to tar_assign() must be enclosed in curly braces beginning with ⁠{⁠ and ⁠}⁠ unless it only contains a one-line statement or uses = as the assignment.

• Each statement in the code block must be of the form x <- f(), or x = f() where x is the name of a target and f() is a function like tar_target() or tar_quarto() which accepts a name argument.

• The native pipe operator ⁠|>⁠ is allowed because it lazily evaluates its arguments and be converted into non-pipe syntax without evaluating the code.

Symbol, name of the target. In tar_target(), name is an unevaluated symbol, e.g. tar_target(name = data). In tar_target_raw(), name is a character string, e.g. tar_target_raw(name = "data").

A target name must be a valid name for a symbol in R, and it must not start with a dot. Subsequent targets can refer to this name symbolically to induce a dependency relationship: e.g. tar_target(downstream_target, f(upstream_target)) is a target named downstream_target which depends on a target upstream_target and a function f().

In most cases, The target name is the name of its local data file in storage. Some file systems are not case sensitive, which means converting a name to a different case may overwrite a different target. Please ensure all target names have unique names when converted to lower case.

In addition, a target's name determines its random number generator seed. In this way, each target runs with a reproducible seed so someone else running the same pipeline should get the same results, and no two targets in the same pipeline share the same seed. (Even dynamic branches have different names and thus different seeds.) You can recover the seed of a completed target with tar_meta(your_target, seed) and run tar_seed_set() on the result to locally recreate the target's initial RNG state.

R code to run the target. In tar_target(), command is an unevaluated expression, e.g. tar_target(command = data). In tar_target_raw(), command is an evaluated expression, e.g. tar_target_raw(command = quote(data)).

R code for the upstream change-inducing target.

Whether to invoke tidy evaluation (e.g. the ⁠!!⁠ operator from rlang) as soon as the target is defined (before tar_make()). Applies to arguments command and change.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Optional storage format for the target's return value. With the exception of format = "file", each target gets a file in ⁠_targets/objects⁠, and each format is a different way to save and load this file. See the "Storage formats" section for a detailed list of possible data storage formats.

Character of length 1, remote repository for target storage. Choices:

• "local": file system of the local machine.

• "aws": Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket. Can be configured with a non-AWS S3 bucket using the endpoint argument of tar_resources_aws(), but versioning capabilities may be lost in doing so. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• "gcp": Google Cloud Platform storage bucket. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• A character string from tar_repository_cas() for content-addressable storage.

Note: if repository is not "local" and format is "file" then the target should create a single output file. That output file is uploaded to the cloud and tracked for changes where it exists in the cloud. As of targets version 1.11.0 and higher, the local file is no longer deleted after the target runs.

Character of length 1, name of the iteration mode of the target. Choices:

• "vector": branching happens with vctrs::vec_slice() and aggregation happens with vctrs::vec_c().

• "list", branching happens with ⁠[[]]⁠ and aggregation happens with list().

• "group": dplyr::group_by()-like functionality to branch over subsets of a non-dynamic data frame. For iteration = "group", the target must not by dynamic (the pattern argument of tar_target() must be left NULL). The target's return value must be a data frame with a special tar_group column of consecutive integers from 1 through the number of groups. Each integer designates a group, and a branch is created for each collection of rows in a group. See the tar_group() function to see how you can create the special tar_group column with dplyr::group_by().

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date. Only applies to the downstream target. The upstream target always runs.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

Name of the new target. tar_combine() expects unevaluated expressions for the name, and command arguments, whereas tar_combine_raw() uses a character string for name and an evaluated expression object for command. See the examples for details.

One or more target objects or list of target objects. Lists can be arbitrarily nested, as in list().

R command to aggregate the targets. Must contain !!!.x where the arguments are to be inserted, where ⁠!!!⁠ is the unquote splice operator from rlang.

tar_combine() expects unevaluated expressions for the name, and command arguments, whereas tar_combine_raw() uses a character string for name and an evaluated expression object for command. See the examples for details.

Logical, whether to insert the names of the targets into the command when splicing.

Code to define a dynamic branching branching for a target. In tar_target(), pattern is an unevaluated expression, e.g. tar_target(pattern = map(data)). In tar_target_raw(), command is an evaluated expression, e.g. tar_target_raw(pattern = quote(map(data))).

To demonstrate dynamic branching patterns, suppose we have a pipeline with numeric vector targets x and y. Then, tar_target(z, x + y, pattern = map(x, y)) implicitly defines branches of z that each compute x[1] + y[1], x[2] + y[2], and so on. See the user manual for details.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Optional storage format for the target's return value. With the exception of format = "file", each target gets a file in ⁠_targets/objects⁠, and each format is a different way to save and load this file. See the "Storage formats" section for a detailed list of possible data storage formats.

Character of length 1, remote repository for target storage. Choices:

• "local": file system of the local machine.

• "aws": Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket. Can be configured with a non-AWS S3 bucket using the endpoint argument of tar_resources_aws(), but versioning capabilities may be lost in doing so. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• "gcp": Google Cloud Platform storage bucket. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• A character string from tar_repository_cas() for content-addressable storage.

Note: if repository is not "local" and format is "file" then the target should create a single output file. That output file is uploaded to the cloud and tracked for changes where it exists in the cloud. As of targets version 1.11.0 and higher, the local file is no longer deleted after the target runs.

Character of length 1, name of the iteration mode of the target. Choices:

• "vector": branching happens with vctrs::vec_slice() and aggregation happens with vctrs::vec_c().

• "list", branching happens with ⁠[[]]⁠ and aggregation happens with list().

• "group": dplyr::group_by()-like functionality to branch over subsets of a non-dynamic data frame. For iteration = "group", the target must not by dynamic (the pattern argument of tar_target() must be left NULL). The target's return value must be a data frame with a special tar_group column of consecutive integers from 1 through the number of groups. Each integer designates a group, and a branch is created for each collection of rows in a group. See the tar_group() function to see how you can create the special tar_group column with dplyr::group_by().

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

Name of the target. tar_cue_age() expects an unevaluated symbol for the name argument, whereas tar_cue_age_raw() expects a character string for name.

A difftime object of length 1, such as as.difftime(3, units = "days"). If the target's output data files are older than age (according to the most recent time stamp over all the target's output files) then the target will rerun. On the other hand, if at least one data file is younger than Sys.time() - age, then the ordinary invalidation rules apply, and the target may or not rerun. If you want to force the target to run every 3 days, for example, set age = as.difftime(3, units = "days").

Logical, whether to rerun the target if command changed since last time.

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the value of one of the dependencies changed.

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the user-specified storage format changed. The storage format is user-specified through tar_target() or tar_option_set().

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the user-specified storage repository changed. The storage repository is user-specified through tar_target() or tar_option_set().

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the user-specified iteration method changed. The iteration method is user-specified through tar_target() or tar_option_set().

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the file(s) with the return value changed or at least one is missing.

Logical vector evaluated locally when the target is defined. If any element of condition is TRUE, the target will definitely rerun when the pipeline runs. Otherwise, the target may or may not rerun, depending on the other invalidation rules. condition is evaluated when this cue factory is called, so the condition cannot depend on upstream targets, and it should be quick to calculate.

Logical, whether to rerun the target if command changed since last time.

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the value of one of the dependencies changed.

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the user-specified storage format changed. The storage format is user-specified through tar_target() or tar_option_set().

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the user-specified storage repository changed. The storage repository is user-specified through tar_target() or tar_option_set().

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the user-specified iteration method changed. The iteration method is user-specified through tar_target() or tar_option_set().

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the file(s) with the return value changed or at least one is missing.

Logical vector evaluated locally when the target is defined. If any element of condition is TRUE, the pipeline will skip the target unless the target has never been built before. If all elements of condition are FALSE, then the target may or may not rerun, depending on the other invalidation rules. condition is evaluated when this cue factory is called, so the condition cannot depend on upstream targets, and it should be quick to calculate.

Logical, whether to rerun the target if command changed since last time.

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the value of one of the dependencies changed.

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the user-specified storage format changed. The storage format is user-specified through tar_target() or tar_option_set().

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the user-specified storage repository changed. The storage repository is user-specified through tar_target() or tar_option_set().

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the user-specified iteration method changed. The iteration method is user-specified through tar_target() or tar_option_set().

Logical, whether to rerun the target if the file(s) with the return value changed or at least one is missing.

Symbol, name of the target. In tar_target(), name is an unevaluated symbol, e.g. tar_target(name = data). In tar_target_raw(), name is a character string, e.g. tar_target_raw(name = "data").

A target name must be a valid name for a symbol in R, and it must not start with a dot. Subsequent targets can refer to this name symbolically to induce a dependency relationship: e.g. tar_target(downstream_target, f(upstream_target)) is a target named downstream_target which depends on a target upstream_target and a function f().

In most cases, The target name is the name of its local data file in storage. Some file systems are not case sensitive, which means converting a name to a different case may overwrite a different target. Please ensure all target names have unique names when converted to lower case.

In addition, a target's name determines its random number generator seed. In this way, each target runs with a reproducible seed so someone else running the same pipeline should get the same results, and no two targets in the same pipeline share the same seed. (Even dynamic branches have different names and thus different seeds.) You can recover the seed of a completed target with tar_meta(your_target, seed) and run tar_seed_set() on the result to locally recreate the target's initial RNG state.

Character vector of URLs to track and download. Must be known and declared before the pipeline runs.

Character vector of local file paths to download each of the URLs. Must be known and declared before the pipeline runs.

Method to be used for downloading files. Current download methods are "internal", "libcurl", "wget", "curl" and "wininet" (Windows only), and there is a value "auto": see ‘Details’ and ‘Note’.

The method can also be set through the option "download.file.method": see options().

If TRUE, suppress status messages (if any), and the progress bar.

character. The mode with which to write the file. Useful values are "w", "wb" (binary), "a" (append) and "ab". Not used for methods "wget" and "curl". See also ‘Details’, notably about using "wb" for Windows.

logical. Is a server-side cached value acceptable?

character vector of additional command-line arguments for the "wget" and "curl" methods.

named character vector of additional HTTP headers to use in HTTP[S] requests. It is ignored for non-HTTP[S] URLs. The User-Agent header taken from the HTTPUserAgent option (see options) is automatically used as the first header.

Character of length 1, name of the iteration mode of the target. Choices:

• "vector": branching happens with vctrs::vec_slice() and aggregation happens with vctrs::vec_c().

• "list", branching happens with ⁠[[]]⁠ and aggregation happens with list().

• "group": dplyr::group_by()-like functionality to branch over subsets of a non-dynamic data frame. For iteration = "group", the target must not by dynamic (the pattern argument of tar_target() must be left NULL). The target's return value must be a data frame with a special tar_group column of consecutive integers from 1 through the number of groups. Each integer designates a group, and a branch is created for each collection of rows in a group. See the tar_group() function to see how you can create the special tar_group column with dplyr::group_by().

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

Character vector of URLs to track and download. Must be known and declared before the pipeline runs.

Character vector of local file paths to download each of the URLs. Must be known and declared before the pipeline runs.

Method to be used for downloading files. Current download methods are "internal", "libcurl", "wget", "curl" and "wininet" (Windows only), and there is a value "auto": see ‘Details’ and ‘Note’.

The method can also be set through the option "download.file.method": see options().

If TRUE, suppress status messages (if any), and the progress bar.

character. The mode with which to write the file. Useful values are "w", "wb" (binary), "a" (append) and "ab". Not used for methods "wget" and "curl". See also ‘Details’, notably about using "wb" for Windows.

logical. Is a server-side cached value acceptable?

character vector of additional command-line arguments for the "wget" and "curl" methods.

named character vector of additional HTTP headers to use in HTTP[S] requests. It is ignored for non-HTTP[S] URLs. The User-Agent header taken from the HTTPUserAgent option (see options) is automatically used as the first header.

Starting expression. Values are iteratively substituted in place of symbols in expr to create each new expression, and then each new expression is evaluated.

tar_eval() expects an unevaluated expression for the expr object, whereas tar_eval_raw() expects an evaluated expression object.

List of values to substitute into expr to create the expressions. All elements of values must have the same length.

Environment in which to evaluate the new expressions.

Symbol, name of the target. In tar_target(), name is an unevaluated symbol, e.g. tar_target(name = data). In tar_target_raw(), name is a character string, e.g. tar_target_raw(name = "data").

A target name must be a valid name for a symbol in R, and it must not start with a dot. Subsequent targets can refer to this name symbolically to induce a dependency relationship: e.g. tar_target(downstream_target, f(upstream_target)) is a target named downstream_target which depends on a target upstream_target and a function f().

In most cases, The target name is the name of its local data file in storage. Some file systems are not case sensitive, which means converting a name to a different case may overwrite a different target. Please ensure all target names have unique names when converted to lower case.

In addition, a target's name determines its random number generator seed. In this way, each target runs with a reproducible seed so someone else running the same pipeline should get the same results, and no two targets in the same pipeline share the same seed. (Even dynamic branches have different names and thus different seeds.) You can recover the seed of a completed target with tar_meta(your_target, seed) and run tar_seed_set() on the result to locally recreate the target's initial RNG state.

R code that runs in the format = "file" target and returns the file to be tracked.

R code to read the file. Must include !!.x where the file path goes: for example, read = readr::read_csv(file = !!.x, col_types = readr::cols()).

Logical, whether to enable tidy evaluation when interpreting command and pattern. If TRUE, you can use the "bang-bang" operator ⁠!!⁠ to programmatically insert the values of global objects.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Optional storage format for the target's return value. With the exception of format = "file", each target gets a file in ⁠_targets/objects⁠, and each format is a different way to save and load this file. See the "Storage formats" section for a detailed list of possible data storage formats.

Storage format of the file target, either "file" or "file_fast".

Character of length 1, remote repository for target storage. Choices:

• "local": file system of the local machine.

• "aws": Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket. Can be configured with a non-AWS S3 bucket using the endpoint argument of tar_resources_aws(), but versioning capabilities may be lost in doing so. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• "gcp": Google Cloud Platform storage bucket. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• A character string from tar_repository_cas() for content-addressable storage.

Note: if repository is not "local" and format is "file" then the target should create a single output file. That output file is uploaded to the cloud and tracked for changes where it exists in the cloud. As of targets version 1.11.0 and higher, the local file is no longer deleted after the target runs.

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

Name of the target. tar_files() expects a unevaluated symbol for the name argument and an unevaluated expression for command, whereas tar_files_raw() expects a character string for the name argument and an evaluated expression object for command. See the examples for a demo.

R command for the target. tar_files() expects a unevaluated symbol for the name argument and an unevaluated expression for command, whereas tar_files_raw() expects a character string for the name argument and an evaluated expression object for command. See the examples for a demo.

Logical, whether to enable tidy evaluation when interpreting command and pattern. If TRUE, you can use the "bang-bang" operator ⁠!!⁠ to programmatically insert the values of global objects.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Character of length 1. Must be "file", "url", or "aws_file". See the format argument of targets::tar_target() for details.

Character of length 1, remote repository for target storage. Choices:

• "local": file system of the local machine.

• "aws": Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket. Can be configured with a non-AWS S3 bucket using the endpoint argument of tar_resources_aws(), but versioning capabilities may be lost in doing so. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• "gcp": Google Cloud Platform storage bucket. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• A character string from tar_repository_cas() for content-addressable storage.

Note: if repository is not "local" and format is "file" then the target should create a single output file. That output file is uploaded to the cloud and tracked for changes where it exists in the cloud. As of targets version 1.11.0 and higher, the local file is no longer deleted after the target runs.

Character of length 1, name of the iteration mode of the target. Choices:

• "vector": branching happens with vctrs::vec_slice() and aggregation happens with vctrs::vec_c().

• "list", branching happens with ⁠[[]]⁠ and aggregation happens with list().

• "group": dplyr::group_by()-like functionality to branch over subsets of a non-dynamic data frame. For iteration = "group", the target must not by dynamic (the pattern argument of tar_target() must be left NULL). The target's return value must be a data frame with a special tar_group column of consecutive integers from 1 through the number of groups. Each integer designates a group, and a branch is created for each collection of rows in a group. See the tar_group() function to see how you can create the special tar_group column with dplyr::group_by().

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date. Only applies to the downstream target. The upstream target always runs.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

Name of the target. tar_files_input() expects a unevaluated symbol for the name argument, whereas tar_files_input_raw() expects a character string for name. See the examples for a demo.

Nonempty character vector of known existing input files to track for changes.

Positive integer of length 1, number of batches to partition the files. The default is one file per batch (maximum number of batches) which is simplest to handle but could cause a lot of overhead and consume a lot of computing resources. Consider reducing the number of batches below the number of files for heavy workloads.

Character, either "file", "file_fast", or "url". See the format argument of targets::tar_target() for details.

Character of length 1, remote repository for target storage. Choices:

• "local": file system of the local machine.

• "aws": Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket. Can be configured with a non-AWS S3 bucket using the endpoint argument of tar_resources_aws(), but versioning capabilities may be lost in doing so. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• "gcp": Google Cloud Platform storage bucket. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• A character string from tar_repository_cas() for content-addressable storage.

Note: if repository is not "local" and format is "file" then the target should create a single output file. That output file is uploaded to the cloud and tracked for changes where it exists in the cloud. As of targets version 1.11.0 and higher, the local file is no longer deleted after the target runs.

Character, iteration method. Must be a method supported by the iteration argument of targets::tar_target(). The iteration method for the upstream target is always "list" in order to support batching.

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date. Only applies to the downstream target. The upstream target always runs.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

Symbol, name of the target. In tar_target(), name is an unevaluated symbol, e.g. tar_target(name = data). In tar_target_raw(), name is a character string, e.g. tar_target_raw(name = "data").

A target name must be a valid name for a symbol in R, and it must not start with a dot. Subsequent targets can refer to this name symbolically to induce a dependency relationship: e.g. tar_target(downstream_target, f(upstream_target)) is a target named downstream_target which depends on a target upstream_target and a function f().

In most cases, The target name is the name of its local data file in storage. Some file systems are not case sensitive, which means converting a name to a different case may overwrite a different target. Please ensure all target names have unique names when converted to lower case.

In addition, a target's name determines its random number generator seed. In this way, each target runs with a reproducible seed so someone else running the same pipeline should get the same results, and no two targets in the same pipeline share the same seed. (Even dynamic branches have different names and thus different seeds.) You can recover the seed of a completed target with tar_meta(your_target, seed) and run tar_seed_set() on the result to locally recreate the target's initial RNG state.

R code to run the target. In tar_target(), command is an unevaluated expression, e.g. tar_target(command = data). In tar_target_raw(), command is an evaluated expression, e.g. tar_target_raw(command = quote(data)).

R code for the condition that forces a build. If it evaluates to TRUE, then your work will run during tar_make().

Whether to invoke tidy evaluation (e.g. the ⁠!!⁠ operator from rlang) as soon as the target is defined (before tar_make()). Applies to arguments command and force.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Optional storage format for the target's return value. With the exception of format = "file", each target gets a file in ⁠_targets/objects⁠, and each format is a different way to save and load this file. See the "Storage formats" section for a detailed list of possible data storage formats.

Character of length 1, remote repository for target storage. Choices:

• "local": file system of the local machine.

• "aws": Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket. Can be configured with a non-AWS S3 bucket using the endpoint argument of tar_resources_aws(), but versioning capabilities may be lost in doing so. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• "gcp": Google Cloud Platform storage bucket. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• A character string from tar_repository_cas() for content-addressable storage.

Note: if repository is not "local" and format is "file" then the target should create a single output file. That output file is uploaded to the cloud and tracked for changes where it exists in the cloud. As of targets version 1.11.0 and higher, the local file is no longer deleted after the target runs.

Character of length 1, name of the iteration mode of the target. Choices:

• "vector": branching happens with vctrs::vec_slice() and aggregation happens with vctrs::vec_c().

• "list", branching happens with ⁠[[]]⁠ and aggregation happens with list().

• "group": dplyr::group_by()-like functionality to branch over subsets of a non-dynamic data frame. For iteration = "group", the target must not by dynamic (the pattern argument of tar_target() must be left NULL). The target's return value must be a data frame with a special tar_group column of consecutive integers from 1 through the number of groups. Each integer designates a group, and a branch is created for each collection of rows in a group. See the tar_group() function to see how you can create the special tar_group column with dplyr::group_by().

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date. Only applies to the downstream target. The upstream target always runs.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

Logical, whether to run the downstream target in tar_force().

Character string, compression type for saving the data. See the compression argument of nanoparquet::write_parquet() for details.

Character vector with the data frame subclasses to assign. See the class argument of nanoparquet::parquet_options() for details.

Symbol, name of the target. In tar_target(), name is an unevaluated symbol, e.g. tar_target(name = data). In tar_target_raw(), name is a character string, e.g. tar_target_raw(name = "data").

A target name must be a valid name for a symbol in R, and it must not start with a dot. Subsequent targets can refer to this name symbolically to induce a dependency relationship: e.g. tar_target(downstream_target, f(upstream_target)) is a target named downstream_target which depends on a target upstream_target and a function f().

In most cases, The target name is the name of its local data file in storage. Some file systems are not case sensitive, which means converting a name to a different case may overwrite a different target. Please ensure all target names have unique names when converted to lower case.

In addition, a target's name determines its random number generator seed. In this way, each target runs with a reproducible seed so someone else running the same pipeline should get the same results, and no two targets in the same pipeline share the same seed. (Even dynamic branches have different names and thus different seeds.) You can recover the seed of a completed target with tar_meta(your_target, seed) and run tar_seed_set() on the result to locally recreate the target's initial RNG state.

R code to run the target. In tar_target(), command is an unevaluated expression, e.g. tar_target(command = data). In tar_target_raw(), command is an evaluated expression, e.g. tar_target_raw(command = quote(data)).

Code to define a dynamic branching branching for a target. In tar_target(), pattern is an unevaluated expression, e.g. tar_target(pattern = map(data)). In tar_target_raw(), command is an evaluated expression, e.g. tar_target_raw(pattern = quote(map(data))).

To demonstrate dynamic branching patterns, suppose we have a pipeline with numeric vector targets x and y. Then, tar_target(z, x + y, pattern = map(x, y)) implicitly defines branches of z that each compute x[1] + y[1], x[2] + y[2], and so on. See the user manual for details.

Logical, whether to enable tidy evaluation when interpreting command and pattern. If TRUE, you can use the "bang-bang" operator ⁠!!⁠ to programmatically insert the values of global objects.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Character of length 1, remote repository for target storage. Choices:

• "local": file system of the local machine.

• "aws": Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket. Can be configured with a non-AWS S3 bucket using the endpoint argument of tar_resources_aws(), but versioning capabilities may be lost in doing so. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• "gcp": Google Cloud Platform storage bucket. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• A character string from tar_repository_cas() for content-addressable storage.

Note: if repository is not "local" and format is "file" then the target should create a single output file. That output file is uploaded to the cloud and tracked for changes where it exists in the cloud. As of targets version 1.11.0 and higher, the local file is no longer deleted after the target runs.

Character of length 1, name of the iteration mode of the target. Choices:

• "vector": branching happens with vctrs::vec_slice() and aggregation happens with vctrs::vec_c().

• "list", branching happens with ⁠[[]]⁠ and aggregation happens with list().

• "group": dplyr::group_by()-like functionality to branch over subsets of a non-dynamic data frame. For iteration = "group", the target must not by dynamic (the pattern argument of tar_target() must be left NULL). The target's return value must be a data frame with a special tar_group column of consecutive integers from 1 through the number of groups. Each integer designates a group, and a branch is created for each collection of rows in a group. See the tar_group() function to see how you can create the special tar_group column with dplyr::group_by().

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

Character string, compression type for saving the data. See the compression argument of nanoparquet::write_parquet() for details.

Character vector with the data frame subclasses to assign. See the class argument of nanoparquet::parquet_options() for details.

Symbol, name of the target. In tar_target(), name is an unevaluated symbol, e.g. tar_target(name = data). In tar_target_raw(), name is a character string, e.g. tar_target_raw(name = "data").

A target name must be a valid name for a symbol in R, and it must not start with a dot. Subsequent targets can refer to this name symbolically to induce a dependency relationship: e.g. tar_target(downstream_target, f(upstream_target)) is a target named downstream_target which depends on a target upstream_target and a function f().

In most cases, The target name is the name of its local data file in storage. Some file systems are not case sensitive, which means converting a name to a different case may overwrite a different target. Please ensure all target names have unique names when converted to lower case.

In addition, a target's name determines its random number generator seed. In this way, each target runs with a reproducible seed so someone else running the same pipeline should get the same results, and no two targets in the same pipeline share the same seed. (Even dynamic branches have different names and thus different seeds.) You can recover the seed of a completed target with tar_meta(your_target, seed) and run tar_seed_set() on the result to locally recreate the target's initial RNG state.

R code to run the target. In tar_target(), command is an unevaluated expression, e.g. tar_target(command = data). In tar_target_raw(), command is an evaluated expression, e.g. tar_target_raw(command = quote(data)).

Code to define a dynamic branching branching for a target. In tar_target(), pattern is an unevaluated expression, e.g. tar_target(pattern = map(data)). In tar_target_raw(), command is an evaluated expression, e.g. tar_target_raw(pattern = quote(map(data))).

To demonstrate dynamic branching patterns, suppose we have a pipeline with numeric vector targets x and y. Then, tar_target(z, x + y, pattern = map(x, y)) implicitly defines branches of z that each compute x[1] + y[1], x[2] + y[2], and so on. See the user manual for details.

Logical, whether to enable tidy evaluation when interpreting command and pattern. If TRUE, you can use the "bang-bang" operator ⁠!!⁠ to programmatically insert the values of global objects.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Character of length 1, remote repository for target storage. Choices:

• "local": file system of the local machine.

• "aws": Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket. Can be configured with a non-AWS S3 bucket using the endpoint argument of tar_resources_aws(), but versioning capabilities may be lost in doing so. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• "gcp": Google Cloud Platform storage bucket. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• A character string from tar_repository_cas() for content-addressable storage.

Note: if repository is not "local" and format is "file" then the target should create a single output file. That output file is uploaded to the cloud and tracked for changes where it exists in the cloud. As of targets version 1.11.0 and higher, the local file is no longer deleted after the target runs.

Character of length 1, name of the iteration mode of the target. Choices:

• "vector": branching happens with vctrs::vec_slice() and aggregation happens with vctrs::vec_c().

• "list", branching happens with ⁠[[]]⁠ and aggregation happens with list().

• "group": dplyr::group_by()-like functionality to branch over subsets of a non-dynamic data frame. For iteration = "group", the target must not by dynamic (the pattern argument of tar_target() must be left NULL). The target's return value must be a data frame with a special tar_group column of consecutive integers from 1 through the number of groups. Each integer designates a group, and a branch is created for each collection of rows in a group. See the tar_group() function to see how you can create the special tar_group column with dplyr::group_by().

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

Symbol, name of the target. In tar_target(), name is an unevaluated symbol, e.g. tar_target(name = data). In tar_target_raw(), name is a character string, e.g. tar_target_raw(name = "data").

A target name must be a valid name for a symbol in R, and it must not start with a dot. Subsequent targets can refer to this name symbolically to induce a dependency relationship: e.g. tar_target(downstream_target, f(upstream_target)) is a target named downstream_target which depends on a target upstream_target and a function f().

In most cases, The target name is the name of its local data file in storage. Some file systems are not case sensitive, which means converting a name to a different case may overwrite a different target. Please ensure all target names have unique names when converted to lower case.

In addition, a target's name determines its random number generator seed. In this way, each target runs with a reproducible seed so someone else running the same pipeline should get the same results, and no two targets in the same pipeline share the same seed. (Even dynamic branches have different names and thus different seeds.) You can recover the seed of a completed target with tar_meta(your_target, seed) and run tar_seed_set() on the result to locally recreate the target's initial RNG state.

R code to run the target. In tar_target(), command is an unevaluated expression, e.g. tar_target(command = data). In tar_target_raw(), command is an evaluated expression, e.g. tar_target_raw(command = quote(data)).

Symbols, variables in the output data frame to group by.

Logical, whether to enable tidy evaluation when interpreting command and pattern. If TRUE, you can use the "bang-bang" operator ⁠!!⁠ to programmatically insert the values of global objects.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Optional storage format for the target's return value. With the exception of format = "file", each target gets a file in ⁠_targets/objects⁠, and each format is a different way to save and load this file. See the "Storage formats" section for a detailed list of possible data storage formats.

Character of length 1, remote repository for target storage. Choices:

• "local": file system of the local machine.

• "aws": Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket. Can be configured with a non-AWS S3 bucket using the endpoint argument of tar_resources_aws(), but versioning capabilities may be lost in doing so. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• "gcp": Google Cloud Platform storage bucket. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• A character string from tar_repository_cas() for content-addressable storage.

Note: if repository is not "local" and format is "file" then the target should create a single output file. That output file is uploaded to the cloud and tracked for changes where it exists in the cloud. As of targets version 1.11.0 and higher, the local file is no longer deleted after the target runs.

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

A data frame to group.

Nonempty character vector of names of variables to group by.

Symbol, name of the target. In tar_target(), name is an unevaluated symbol, e.g. tar_target(name = data). In tar_target_raw(), name is a character string, e.g. tar_target_raw(name = "data").

A target name must be a valid name for a symbol in R, and it must not start with a dot. Subsequent targets can refer to this name symbolically to induce a dependency relationship: e.g. tar_target(downstream_target, f(upstream_target)) is a target named downstream_target which depends on a target upstream_target and a function f().

In most cases, The target name is the name of its local data file in storage. Some file systems are not case sensitive, which means converting a name to a different case may overwrite a different target. Please ensure all target names have unique names when converted to lower case.

In addition, a target's name determines its random number generator seed. In this way, each target runs with a reproducible seed so someone else running the same pipeline should get the same results, and no two targets in the same pipeline share the same seed. (Even dynamic branches have different names and thus different seeds.) You can recover the seed of a completed target with tar_meta(your_target, seed) and run tar_seed_set() on the result to locally recreate the target's initial RNG state.

R code to run the target. In tar_target(), command is an unevaluated expression, e.g. tar_target(command = data). In tar_target_raw(), command is an evaluated expression, e.g. tar_target_raw(command = quote(data)).

Positive integer, maximum number of row groups

Logical, whether to enable tidy evaluation when interpreting command and pattern. If TRUE, you can use the "bang-bang" operator ⁠!!⁠ to programmatically insert the values of global objects.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Optional storage format for the target's return value. With the exception of format = "file", each target gets a file in ⁠_targets/objects⁠, and each format is a different way to save and load this file. See the "Storage formats" section for a detailed list of possible data storage formats.

Character of length 1, remote repository for target storage. Choices:

• "local": file system of the local machine.

• "aws": Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket. Can be configured with a non-AWS S3 bucket using the endpoint argument of tar_resources_aws(), but versioning capabilities may be lost in doing so. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• "gcp": Google Cloud Platform storage bucket. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• A character string from tar_repository_cas() for content-addressable storage.

Note: if repository is not "local" and format is "file" then the target should create a single output file. That output file is uploaded to the cloud and tracked for changes where it exists in the cloud. As of targets version 1.11.0 and higher, the local file is no longer deleted after the target runs.

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

A data frame to group.

Maximum number of groups.

A data frame to group.

Maximum number of groups.

Symbol, name of the target. In tar_target(), name is an unevaluated symbol, e.g. tar_target(name = data). In tar_target_raw(), name is a character string, e.g. tar_target_raw(name = "data").

A target name must be a valid name for a symbol in R, and it must not start with a dot. Subsequent targets can refer to this name symbolically to induce a dependency relationship: e.g. tar_target(downstream_target, f(upstream_target)) is a target named downstream_target which depends on a target upstream_target and a function f().

In most cases, The target name is the name of its local data file in storage. Some file systems are not case sensitive, which means converting a name to a different case may overwrite a different target. Please ensure all target names have unique names when converted to lower case.

In addition, a target's name determines its random number generator seed. In this way, each target runs with a reproducible seed so someone else running the same pipeline should get the same results, and no two targets in the same pipeline share the same seed. (Even dynamic branches have different names and thus different seeds.) You can recover the seed of a completed target with tar_meta(your_target, seed) and run tar_seed_set() on the result to locally recreate the target's initial RNG state.

R code to run the target. In tar_target(), command is an unevaluated expression, e.g. tar_target(command = data). In tar_target_raw(), command is an evaluated expression, e.g. tar_target_raw(command = quote(data)).

Tidyselect semantics to specify variables to group over. Alternatively, you can supply a character vector.

Logical, whether to enable tidy evaluation when interpreting command and pattern. If TRUE, you can use the "bang-bang" operator ⁠!!⁠ to programmatically insert the values of global objects.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Optional storage format for the target's return value. With the exception of format = "file", each target gets a file in ⁠_targets/objects⁠, and each format is a different way to save and load this file. See the "Storage formats" section for a detailed list of possible data storage formats.

Character of length 1, remote repository for target storage. Choices:

• "local": file system of the local machine.

• "aws": Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket. Can be configured with a non-AWS S3 bucket using the endpoint argument of tar_resources_aws(), but versioning capabilities may be lost in doing so. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• "gcp": Google Cloud Platform storage bucket. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• A character string from tar_repository_cas() for content-addressable storage.

Note: if repository is not "local" and format is "file" then the target should create a single output file. That output file is uploaded to the cloud and tracked for changes where it exists in the cloud. As of targets version 1.11.0 and higher, the local file is no longer deleted after the target runs.

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

A data frame to group.

Nonempty character vector of names of variables to group by.

Symbol, name of the target. In tar_target(), name is an unevaluated symbol, e.g. tar_target(name = data). In tar_target_raw(), name is a character string, e.g. tar_target_raw(name = "data").

A target name must be a valid name for a symbol in R, and it must not start with a dot. Subsequent targets can refer to this name symbolically to induce a dependency relationship: e.g. tar_target(downstream_target, f(upstream_target)) is a target named downstream_target which depends on a target upstream_target and a function f().

In most cases, The target name is the name of its local data file in storage. Some file systems are not case sensitive, which means converting a name to a different case may overwrite a different target. Please ensure all target names have unique names when converted to lower case.

In addition, a target's name determines its random number generator seed. In this way, each target runs with a reproducible seed so someone else running the same pipeline should get the same results, and no two targets in the same pipeline share the same seed. (Even dynamic branches have different names and thus different seeds.) You can recover the seed of a completed target with tar_meta(your_target, seed) and run tar_seed_set() on the result to locally recreate the target's initial RNG state.

R code to run the target. In tar_target(), command is an unevaluated expression, e.g. tar_target(command = data). In tar_target_raw(), command is an evaluated expression, e.g. tar_target_raw(command = quote(data)).

Positive integer, maximum number of rows in each group.

Logical, whether to enable tidy evaluation when interpreting command and pattern. If TRUE, you can use the "bang-bang" operator ⁠!!⁠ to programmatically insert the values of global objects.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Optional storage format for the target's return value. With the exception of format = "file", each target gets a file in ⁠_targets/objects⁠, and each format is a different way to save and load this file. See the "Storage formats" section for a detailed list of possible data storage formats.

Character of length 1, remote repository for target storage. Choices:

• "local": file system of the local machine.

• "aws": Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket. Can be configured with a non-AWS S3 bucket using the endpoint argument of tar_resources_aws(), but versioning capabilities may be lost in doing so. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• "gcp": Google Cloud Platform storage bucket. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• A character string from tar_repository_cas() for content-addressable storage.

Note: if repository is not "local" and format is "file" then the target should create a single output file. That output file is uploaded to the cloud and tracked for changes where it exists in the cloud. As of targets version 1.11.0 and higher, the local file is no longer deleted after the target runs.

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

A data frame to group.

Maximum number of rows in each group.

A data frame to group.

A list of target objects. The input target list can be arbitrarily nested, but it must consist entirely of target objects. In addition, the return value is a simple list where each element is a target object. All hook functions remove the nested structure of the input target list.

R code to insert. tar_hook_before() expects unevaluated expressions for the hook and names arguments, whereas tar_hook_before_raw() expects evaluated expression objects.

Name of targets in the target list to apply the hook. Supplied using tidyselect helpers like starts_with(), as in names = starts_with("your_prefix_"). Set to NULL to include all targets supplied to the targets argument. Targets not included in names still remain in the target list, but they are not modified because the hook does not apply to them.

The regular hook functions expects unevaluated expressions for the hook and names arguments, whereas the "_raw" versions expect evaluated expression objects.

Logical of length 1, whether to refresh the dependencies of each modified target by scanning the newly generated target commands for dependencies. If FALSE, then the target will keep the original set of dependencies it had before the hook. Set to NULL to include all targets supplied to the targets argument. TRUE is recommended for nearly all situations. Only use FALSE if you have a specialized use case and you know what you are doing.

Optional environment to construct the quosure for the names argument to select names.

A list of target objects. The input target list can be arbitrarily nested, but it must consist entirely of target objects. In addition, the return value is a simple list where each element is a target object. All hook functions remove the nested structure of the input target list.

R code to wrap each target's command. The hook must contain the special placeholder symbol .x so tar_hook_inner() knows where to insert the code to wrap mentions of dependencies.

tar_hook_inner() expects unevaluated expressions for the hook and names arguments, whereas tar_hook_inner_raw() expects evaluated expression objects.

Name of targets in the target list to apply the hook. Supplied using tidyselect helpers like starts_with(), as in names = starts_with("your_prefix_"). Set to NULL to include all targets supplied to the targets argument. Targets not included in names still remain in the target list, but they are not modified because the hook does not apply to them.

The regular hook functions expects unevaluated expressions for the hook and names arguments, whereas the "_raw" versions expect evaluated expression objects.

Names of targets to wrap with the hook where they appear as dependencies in the commands of other targets. Use tidyselect helpers like starts_with(), as in names_wrap = starts_with("your_prefix_").

Logical of length 1, whether to refresh the dependencies of each modified target by scanning the newly generated target commands for dependencies. If FALSE, then the target will keep the original set of dependencies it had before the hook. Set to NULL to include all targets supplied to the targets argument. TRUE is recommended for nearly all situations. Only use FALSE if you have a specialized use case and you know what you are doing.

Optional environment to construct the quosure for the names argument to select names.

A list of target objects. The input target list can be arbitrarily nested, but it must consist entirely of target objects. In addition, the return value is a simple list where each element is a target object. All hook functions remove the nested structure of the input target list.

R code to wrap each target's command. The hook must contain the special placeholder symbol .x so tar_hook_outer() knows where to insert the original command of the target.

tar_hook_outer() expects unevaluated expressions for the hook and names arguments, whereas tar_hook_outer_raw() expects evaluated expression objects.

Name of targets in the target list to apply the hook. Supplied using tidyselect helpers like starts_with(), as in names = starts_with("your_prefix_"). Set to NULL to include all targets supplied to the targets argument. Targets not included in names still remain in the target list, but they are not modified because the hook does not apply to them.

The regular hook functions expects unevaluated expressions for the hook and names arguments, whereas the "_raw" versions expect evaluated expression objects.

Logical of length 1, whether to refresh the dependencies of each modified target by scanning the newly generated target commands for dependencies. If FALSE, then the target will keep the original set of dependencies it had before the hook. Set to NULL to include all targets supplied to the targets argument. TRUE is recommended for nearly all situations. Only use FALSE if you have a specialized use case and you know what you are doing.

Optional environment to construct the quosure for the names argument to select names.

Name of the target. tar_knit() expects an unevaluated symbol for the name argument, whereas tar_knit_raw() expects a character string for name.

Character string, file path to the knitr source file. Must have length 1.

Character string, file path to the rendered output file.

Optional character string, path to the working directory to temporarily set when running the report. The default is NULL, which runs the report from the current working directory at the time the pipeline is run. This default is recommended in the vast majority of cases. To use anything other than NULL, you must manually set the value of the store argument relative to the working directory in all calls to tar_read() and tar_load() in the report. Otherwise, these functions will not know where to find the data.

Logical, whether to enable tidy evaluation when interpreting command and pattern. If TRUE, you can use the "bang-bang" operator ⁠!!⁠ to programmatically insert the values of global objects.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

Boolean; suppress the progress bar and messages?

Named arguments to knitr::knit(). These arguments are unevaluated when supplied to tar_knit(). They are only evaluated when the target actually runs in tar_make(), not when the target is defined.

Optional language object with a list of named arguments to knitr::knit(). Cannot be an expression object. (Use quote(), not expression().) The reason for quoting is that these arguments may depend on upstream targets whose values are not available at the time the target is defined, and because tar_knit_raw() is the "raw" version of a function, we want to avoid all non-standard evaluation.

Character string, file path to the knitr source file. Must have length 1.

Optional character string, path to the working directory to temporarily set when running the report. The default is NULL, which runs the report from the current working directory at the time the pipeline is run. This default is recommended in the vast majority of cases. To use anything other than NULL, you must manually set the value of the store argument relative to the working directory in all calls to tar_read() and tar_load() in the report. Otherwise, these functions will not know where to find the data.

A named list of arguments to knitr::knit().

An unnamed list of target dependencies of the knitr report, automatically created by tar_knit().

Character vector, path to one or more R Markdown or knitr reports.

Character vector, path to one or more R Markdown or knitr reports.

Named list or data frame with values to iterate over. The names are the names of symbols in the commands and pattern statements, and the elements are values that get substituted in place of those symbols. tar_map() uses these elements to create new R code, so they should be basic types, symbols, or R expressions. For objects even a little bit complicated, especially objects with attributes, it is not obvious how to convert the object into code that generates it. For complicated objects, consider using quote() when you define values, as shown at https://github.com/ropensci/tarchetypes/discussions/105.

One or more target objects or list of target objects. Lists can be arbitrarily nested, as in list().

Subset of names(values) used to generate the suffixes in the names of the new targets. The value of names should be a tidyselect expression such as a call to any_of() or starts_with().

Names of a column in values to append to the custom description of each generated target. The value of descriptions should be a tidyselect expression such as a call to any_of() or starts_with().

Logical, whether to flatten the returned list of targets. If unlist = FALSE, the list is nested and sub-lists are named and grouped by the original input targets. If unlist = TRUE, the return value is a flat list of targets named by the new target names.

Character of length 1, string to insert between other strings when creating names of targets.

Base name of the targets. In regular tarchetypes functions, the name argument is an unevaluated symbol. In the "_raw" versions of functions, name is a character string.

R code to create named arguments to command2. Must return a data frame with one row per call to command2 when run.

In regular tarchetypes functions, the command1 argument is an unevaluated expression. In the "_raw" versions of functions, command1 is an evaluated expression object.

R code to map over the data frame of arguments produced by command1. Must return a data frame.

In regular tarchetypes functions, the command2 argument is an unevaluated expression. In the "_raw" versions of functions, command2 is an evaluated expression object.

Named list or data frame with values to iterate over. The names are the names of symbols in the commands and pattern statements, and the elements are values that get substituted in place of those symbols. tar_map() uses these elements to create new R code, so they should be basic types, symbols, or R expressions. For objects even a little bit complicated, especially objects with attributes, it is not obvious how to convert the object into code that generates it. For complicated objects, consider using quote() when you define values, as shown at https://github.com/ropensci/tarchetypes/discussions/105.

Subset of names(values) used to generate the suffixes in the names of the new targets. The value of names should be a tidyselect expression such as a call to any_of() or starts_with().

Names of a column in values to append to the custom description of each generated target. The value of descriptions should be a tidyselect expression such as a call to any_of() or starts_with().

Logical of length 1, whether to create additional downstream targets to combine the results of static branches. The values argument must not be NULL for this combining to take effect. If combine is TRUE and values is not NULL, then separate targets aggregate all dynamic branches within each static branch, and then a final target combines all the static branches together.

Character of length 1, suffix to apply to the command1 targets to distinguish them from the command2 targets.

Character of length 1, suffix to apply to the command2 targets to distinguish them from the command1 targets.

A tidyselect expression to select which columns of values to append to the output of all targets. Columns already in the target output are not appended.

In regular tarchetypes functions, the columns1 argument is an unevaluated expression. In the "_raw" versions of functions, columns1 is an evaluated expression object.

A tidyselect expression to select which columns of command1 output to append to command2 output. Columns already in the target output are not appended. columns1 takes precedence over columns2.

In regular tarchetypes functions, the columns2 argument is an unevaluated expression. In the "_raw" versions of functions, columns2 is an evaluated expression object.

Positive integer of length 1, number of local R processes to use to run reps within batches in parallel. If 1, then reps are run sequentially within each batch. If greater than 1, then reps within batch are run in parallel using a PSOCK cluster.

Character of length 1, string to insert between other strings when creating names of targets.

Logical, whether to flatten the returned list of targets. If unlist = FALSE, the list is nested and sub-lists are named and grouped by the original input targets. If unlist = TRUE, the return value is a flat list of targets named by the new target names.

Whether to invoke tidy evaluation (e.g. the ⁠!!⁠ operator from rlang) as soon as the target is defined (before tar_make()). Applies to the command argument.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Optional storage format for the target's return value. With the exception of format = "file", each target gets a file in ⁠_targets/objects⁠, and each format is a different way to save and load this file. See the "Storage formats" section for a detailed list of possible data storage formats.

Character of length 1, remote repository for target storage. Choices:

• "local": file system of the local machine.

• "aws": Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket. Can be configured with a non-AWS S3 bucket using the endpoint argument of tar_resources_aws(), but versioning capabilities may be lost in doing so. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• "gcp": Google Cloud Platform storage bucket. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• A character string from tar_repository_cas() for content-addressable storage.

Note: if repository is not "local" and format is "file" then the target should create a single output file. That output file is uploaded to the cloud and tracked for changes where it exists in the cloud. As of targets version 1.11.0 and higher, the local file is no longer deleted after the target runs.

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

Name of the target. tar_rep() expects unevaluated name and command arguments (e.g. tar_rep(name = sim, command = simulate())) whereas tar_rep_raw() expects an evaluated string for name and an evaluated expression object for command (e.g. tar_rep_raw(name = "sim", command = quote(simulate()))).

R code to create named arguments to command2. Must return a data frame with one row per call to command2 when run.

In regular tarchetypes functions, the command1 argument is an unevaluated expression. In the "_raw" versions of functions, command1 is an evaluated expression object.

R code to map over the data frame of arguments produced by command1. Must return a data frame.

In regular tarchetypes functions, the command2 argument is an unevaluated expression. In the "_raw" versions of functions, command2 is an evaluated expression object.

Named list or data frame with values to iterate over. The names are the names of symbols in the commands and pattern statements, and the elements are values that get substituted in place of those symbols. tar_map() uses these elements to create new R code, so they should be basic types, symbols, or R expressions. For objects even a little bit complicated, especially objects with attributes, it is not obvious how to convert the object into code that generates it. For complicated objects, consider using quote() when you define values, as shown at https://github.com/ropensci/tarchetypes/discussions/105.

Subset of names(values) used to generate the suffixes in the names of the new targets. The value of names should be a tidyselect expression such as a call to any_of() or starts_with().

Names of a column in values to append to the custom description of each generated target. The value of descriptions should be a tidyselect expression such as a call to any_of() or starts_with().

Positive integer of length 1, maximum number of batches (dynamic branches within static branches) of the downstream (command2) targets. Batches are formed from row groups of the command1 target output.

Logical of length 1, whether to create additional downstream targets to combine the results of static branches. The values argument must not be NULL for this combining to take effect. If combine is TRUE and values is not NULL, then separate targets aggregate all dynamic branches within each static branch, and then a final target combines all the static branches together.

Character of length 1, suffix to apply to the command1 targets to distinguish them from the command2 targets.

Character of length 1, suffix to apply to the command2 targets to distinguish them from the command1 targets.

A tidyselect expression to select which columns of values to append to the output of all targets. Columns already in the target output are not appended.

In regular tarchetypes functions, the columns1 argument is an unevaluated expression. In the "_raw" versions of functions, columns1 is an evaluated expression object.

A tidyselect expression to select which columns of command1 output to append to command2 output. Columns already in the target output are not appended. columns1 takes precedence over columns2.

In regular tarchetypes functions, the columns2 argument is an unevaluated expression. In the "_raw" versions of functions, columns2 is an evaluated expression object.

Positive integer of length 1, number of local R processes to use to run reps within batches in parallel. If 1, then reps are run sequentially within each batch. If greater than 1, then reps within batch are run in parallel using a PSOCK cluster.

Character of length 1, string to insert between other strings when creating names of targets.

Logical, whether to flatten the returned list of targets. If unlist = FALSE, the list is nested and sub-lists are named and grouped by the original input targets. If unlist = TRUE, the return value is a flat list of targets named by the new target names.

Whether to invoke tidy evaluation (e.g. the ⁠!!⁠ operator from rlang) as soon as the target is defined (before tar_make()). Applies to the command argument.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Optional storage format for the target's return value. With the exception of format = "file", each target gets a file in ⁠_targets/objects⁠, and each format is a different way to save and load this file. See the "Storage formats" section for a detailed list of possible data storage formats.

Character of length 1, remote repository for target storage. Choices:

• "local": file system of the local machine.

• "aws": Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket. Can be configured with a non-AWS S3 bucket using the endpoint argument of tar_resources_aws(), but versioning capabilities may be lost in doing so. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• "gcp": Google Cloud Platform storage bucket. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• A character string from tar_repository_cas() for content-addressable storage.

Note: if repository is not "local" and format is "file" then the target should create a single output file. That output file is uploaded to the cloud and tracked for changes where it exists in the cloud. As of targets version 1.11.0 and higher, the local file is no longer deleted after the target runs.

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

Data frame to be returned from the target.

Function on the data to return the tar_group column. If group is NULL, then no tar_group column is attached.

Command to run.

Data frame of named arguments produced by command1 that command2 dynamically maps over. Different from the values argument of tar_map2().

tidyselect expression to select columns of values to append to the result.

Positive integer of length 1, number of local R processes to use to run reps within batches in parallel. If 1, then reps are run sequentially within each batch. If greater than 1, then reps within batch are run in parallel using a PSOCK cluster.

Rep number.

Data frame of mapped-over values.

R command to run.

Batch number.

Random number generator seeds of the batch.

Expression for appending static columns.

Environment of the target.

Name of the target. tar_rep() expects unevaluated name and command arguments (e.g. tar_rep(name = sim, command = simulate())) whereas tar_rep_raw() expects an evaluated string for name and an evaluated expression object for command (e.g. tar_rep_raw(name = "sim", command = quote(simulate()))).

R code to create named arguments to command2. Must return a data frame with one row per call to command2 when run.

In regular tarchetypes functions, the command1 argument is an unevaluated expression. In the "_raw" versions of functions, command1 is an evaluated expression object.

R code to map over the data frame of arguments produced by command1. Must return a data frame.

In regular tarchetypes functions, the command2 argument is an unevaluated expression. In the "_raw" versions of functions, command2 is an evaluated expression object.

Named list or data frame with values to iterate over. The names are the names of symbols in the commands and pattern statements, and the elements are values that get substituted in place of those symbols. tar_map() uses these elements to create new R code, so they should be basic types, symbols, or R expressions. For objects even a little bit complicated, especially objects with attributes, it is not obvious how to convert the object into code that generates it. For complicated objects, consider using quote() when you define values, as shown at https://github.com/ropensci/tarchetypes/discussions/105.

Subset of names(values) used to generate the suffixes in the names of the new targets. The value of names should be a tidyselect expression such as a call to any_of() or starts_with().

Names of a column in values to append to the custom description of each generated target. The value of descriptions should be a tidyselect expression such as a call to any_of() or starts_with().

Positive integer of length 1, maximum number of rows in each batch for the downstream (command2) targets. Batches are formed from row groups of the command1 target output.

Logical of length 1, whether to create additional downstream targets to combine the results of static branches. The values argument must not be NULL for this combining to take effect. If combine is TRUE and values is not NULL, then separate targets aggregate all dynamic branches within each static branch, and then a final target combines all the static branches together.

Character of length 1, suffix to apply to the command1 targets to distinguish them from the command2 targets.

Character of length 1, suffix to apply to the command2 targets to distinguish them from the command1 targets.

A tidyselect expression to select which columns of values to append to the output of all targets. Columns already in the target output are not appended.

In regular tarchetypes functions, the columns1 argument is an unevaluated expression. In the "_raw" versions of functions, columns1 is an evaluated expression object.

A tidyselect expression to select which columns of command1 output to append to command2 output. Columns already in the target output are not appended. columns1 takes precedence over columns2.

In regular tarchetypes functions, the columns2 argument is an unevaluated expression. In the "_raw" versions of functions, columns2 is an evaluated expression object.

Positive integer of length 1, number of local R processes to use to run reps within batches in parallel. If 1, then reps are run sequentially within each batch. If greater than 1, then reps within batch are run in parallel using a PSOCK cluster.

Character of length 1, string to insert between other strings when creating names of targets.

Logical, whether to flatten the returned list of targets. If unlist = FALSE, the list is nested and sub-lists are named and grouped by the original input targets. If unlist = TRUE, the return value is a flat list of targets named by the new target names.

Whether to invoke tidy evaluation (e.g. the ⁠!!⁠ operator from rlang) as soon as the target is defined (before tar_make()). Applies to the command argument.

Character vector of packages to load right before the target runs or the output data is reloaded for downstream targets. Use tar_option_set() to set packages globally for all subsequent targets you define.

Character vector of library paths to try when loading packages.

Optional storage format for the target's return value. With the exception of format = "file", each target gets a file in ⁠_targets/objects⁠, and each format is a different way to save and load this file. See the "Storage formats" section for a detailed list of possible data storage formats.

Character of length 1, remote repository for target storage. Choices:

• "local": file system of the local machine.

• "aws": Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket. Can be configured with a non-AWS S3 bucket using the endpoint argument of tar_resources_aws(), but versioning capabilities may be lost in doing so. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• "gcp": Google Cloud Platform storage bucket. See the cloud storage section of https://books.ropensci.org/targets/data.html for details for instructions.

• A character string from tar_repository_cas() for content-addressable storage.

Note: if repository is not "local" and format is "file" then the target should create a single output file. That output file is uploaded to the cloud and tracked for changes where it exists in the cloud. As of targets version 1.11.0 and higher, the local file is no longer deleted after the target runs.

Character of length 1, what to do if the target stops and throws an error. Options:

• "stop": the whole pipeline stops and throws an error.

• "continue": the whole pipeline keeps going.

• "null": The errored target continues and returns NULL. The data hash is deliberately wrong so the target is not up to date for the next run of the pipeline. In addition, as of targets version 1.8.0.9011, a value of NULL is given to upstream dependencies with error = "null" if loading fails.

• "abridge": any currently running targets keep running, but no new targets launch after that.

• "trim": all currently running targets stay running. A queued target is allowed to start if:

  1. It is not downstream of the error, and

  2. It is not a sibling branch from the same tar_target() call (if the error happened in a dynamic branch).

  The idea is to avoid starting any new work that the immediate error impacts. error = "trim" is just like error = "abridge", but it allows potentially healthy regions of the dependency graph to begin running. (Visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/debugging.html to learn how to debug targets using saved workspaces.)

Character of length 1, memory strategy. Possible values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to memory = "transient" in almost all cases. But to avoid superfluous reads from disk, memory = "auto" is equivalent to memory = "persistent" for for non-dynamically-branched targets that other targets dynamically branch over. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(name = y, command = x, pattern = map(x)), then tar_target(name = x, command = f(), memory = "auto") will use persistent memory in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "transient": the target gets unloaded after every new target completes. Either way, the target gets automatically loaded into memory whenever another target needs the value.

• "persistent": the target stays in memory until the end of the pipeline (unless storage is "worker", in which case targets unloads the value from memory right after storing it in order to avoid sending copious data over a network).

For cloud-based file targets (e.g. format = "file" with repository = "aws"), the memory option applies to the temporary local copy of the file: "persistent" means it remains until the end of the pipeline and is then deleted, and "transient" means it gets deleted as soon as possible. The former conserves bandwidth, and the latter conserves local storage.

Logical: TRUE to run base::gc() just before the target runs, in whatever R process it is about to run (which could be a parallel worker). FALSE to omit garbage collection. Numeric values get converted to FALSE. The garbage_collection option in tar_option_set() is independent of the argument of the same name in tar_target().

Character of length 1. If deployment is "main", then the target will run on the central controlling R process. Otherwise, if deployment is "worker" and you set up the pipeline with distributed/parallel computing, then the target runs on a parallel worker. For more on distributed/parallel computing in targets, please visit https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html.

Deprecated on 2025-04-08 (targets version 1.10.1.9013). targets has moved to a more efficient scheduling algorithm (https://github.com/ropensci/targets/issues/1458) which cannot support priorities. The priority argument of tar_target() no longer has a reliable effect on execution order.

Object returned by tar_resources() with optional settings for high-performance computing functionality, alternative data storage formats, and other optional capabilities of targets. See tar_resources() for details.

Character string to control when the output of the target is saved to storage. Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "worker" (default): the worker saves/uploads the value.

• "main": the target's return value is sent back to the host machine and saved/uploaded locally.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to save the result of the target to storage in the location where targets expects it to be. Saving to storage is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

Character string to control when the current target loads its dependencies into memory before running. (Here, a "dependency" is another target upstream that the current one depends on.) Only relevant when using targets with parallel workers (https://books.ropensci.org/targets/crew.html). Must be one of the following values:

• "auto" (default): equivalent to retrieval = "worker" in almost all cases. But to avoid unnecessary reads from disk, retrieval = "auto" is equivalent to retrieval = "main" for dynamic branches that branch over non-dynamic targets. For example: if your pipeline has tar_target(x, command = f()), then tar_target(y, command = x, pattern = map(x), retrieval = "auto") will use "main" retrieval in order to avoid rereading all of x for every branch of y.

• "worker": the worker loads the target's dependencies.

• "main": the target's dependencies are loaded on the host machine and sent to the worker before the target runs.

• "none": targets makes no attempt to load its dependencies. With retrieval = "none", loading dependencies is the responsibility of the user. Use with caution.

An optional object from tar_cue() to customize the rules that decide whether the target is up to date.

Character of length 1, a custom free-form human-readable text description of the target. Descriptions appear as target labels in functions like tar_manifest() and tar_visnetwork(), and they let you select subsets of targets for the names argument of functions like tar_make(). For example, tar_manifest(names = tar_described_as(starts_with("survival model"))) lists all the targets whose descriptions start with the character string "survival model".

Name of the target. tar_map_rep() expects an unevaluated symbol for the name argument, whereas tar_map_rep_raw() expects a character string for name.

R code for a single replicate. Must return a data frame when run. tar_map_rep() expects an unevaluated expression for command, whereas tar_map_rep_raw() expects an evaluated expression object for command.

Named list or data frame with values to iterate over. The names are the names of symbols in the commands and pattern statements, and the elements are values that get substituted in place of those symbols. tar_map() uses these elements to create new R code, so they should be basic types, symbols, or R expressions. For objects even a little bit complicated, especially objects with attributes, it is not obvious how to convert the object into code that generates it. For complicated objects, consider using quote() when you define values, as shown at https://github.com/ropensci/tarchetypes/discussions/105.

Subset of names(values) used to generate the suffixes in the names of the new targets. The value of names should be a tidyselect expression such as a call to any_of() or starts_with().

Names of a column in values to append to the custom description of each generated target. The value of descriptions should be a tidyselect expression such as a call to any_of() or starts_with().

A tidyselect expression to select which columns of values to append to the output. Columns already in the target output are not appended.

Number of batches. This is also the number of dynamic branches created during tar_make().

Number of replications in each batch. The total number of replications is batches * reps.

Positive integer of length 1, number of local R processes to use to run reps within batches in parallel. If 1, then reps are run sequentially within each batch. If greater than 1, then reps within batch are run in parallel using a PSOCK cluster.

Logical of length 1, whether to create additional downstream targets to combine the results of static branches. The values argument must not be NULL for this combining to take effect. If combine is TRUE and values is not NULL, then separate targets aggregate all dynamic branches within each static branch, and then a final target combines all the static branches together.

Character of length 1, string to insert between other strings when creating names of targets.