Title: | Datasets for Teaching Archaeology and Paleontology |
Version: | 1.5.1 |
Maintainer: | Nicolas Frerebeau <nicolas.frerebeau@u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr> |
Description: | Datasets for teaching quantitative approaches and modeling in archaeology and paleontology. This package provides several types of data related to broad topics (cultural evolution, radiocarbon dating, paleoenvironments, etc.), which can be used to illustrate statistical methods in the classroom (multivariate data analysis, compositional data analysis, diversity measurement, etc.). |
License: | GPL (≥ 3) |
URL: | https://codeberg.org/tesselle/folio, https://packages.tesselle.org/folio/ |
BugReports: | https://codeberg.org/tesselle/folio/issues |
Depends: | R (≥ 2.10) |
Encoding: | UTF-8 |
LazyData: | true |
RoxygenNote: | 7.3.2 |
X-schema.org-applicationCategory: | Archaeological Science |
X-schema.org-isPartOf: | https://www.tesselle.org |
X-schema.org-keywords: | archaeology, archaeological-science, paleontology, datasets, r-package |
NeedsCompilation: | no |
Packaged: | 2025-05-17 14:07:14 UTC; nfrerebeau |
Author: | Nicolas Frerebeau |
Repository: | CRAN |
Date/Publication: | 2025-05-17 14:50:02 UTC |
folio: Datasets for Teaching Archaeology and Paleontology
Description
Datasets for teaching quantitative approaches and modeling in archaeology and paleontology. This package provides several types of data related to broad topics (cultural evolution, radiocarbon dating, paleoenvironments, etc.), which can be used to illustrate statistical methods in the classroom (multivariate data analysis, compositional data analysis, diversity measurement, etc.).
Details
Version | 1.5.1 |
License | GPL-3 |
CRAN DOI | doi:10.32614/CRAN.package.folio |
Zenodo DOI | doi:10.5281/zenodo.4476182 |
Archéosciences Bordeaux (UMR 6034)
Maison de l'Archéologie
Université Bordeaux Montaigne
F-33607 Pessac cedex
France
Author(s)
Maintainer: Nicolas Frerebeau nicolas.frerebeau@u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr (ORCID)
Other contributors:
Brice Lebrun (ORCID) (Logo designer) [artist]
Université Bordeaux Montaigne (03pbgwk21) [funder]
CNRS (02feahw73) [funder]
See Also
Useful links:
Report bugs at https://codeberg.org/tesselle/folio/issues
Arnold and Libby's Curve of Knowns
Description
"The agreement between prediction and observation is seen to be satisfactory."
Usage
arnold1949
Format
A data.frame
with 6 observations and 8 variables:
- sample
character
: sample name.- age_expected
integer
: Expected age (year BP).- age_expected_error
integer
: Error onage_expected
(year BP).- age_found
integer
: Measured age (year BP).- age_found_error
integer
: Error onage_found
(year BP).- activity_expected
numeric
: Expected specific activity (cpm/g of carbon).- activity_found
numeric
: Measured specific activity (cpm/g of carbon).- activity_found_error
numeric
: Error onactivity_found
(cpm/g of carbon).
Source
Arnold, J. R. and Libby, W. F. (1949). Age Determinations by Radiocarbon Content: Checks with Samples of Known Age. Science, 110(2869), 678-80. doi:10.1126/science.110.2869.678
See Also
Other radiocarbon dating:
intcal09
,
intcal13
,
intcal20
European Birds
Description
A dataset of birds species abundance in remote European woodlands.
Usage
birds
Format
A data.frame
with 35 observations (species) and 3 variables (woodlands).
Source
Magurran, A. E. (1988). Ecological Diversity and its Measurement. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-7358-0.
See Also
Other count data:
boves
,
chevelon
,
compiegne
,
loire
,
merzbach
,
mississippi
,
zuni
Boves Ceramics
Description
A dataset containing the ceramic counts from the castle site of Boves (Somme, France). The data are grouped into eight periods ranging from the 10th to the 18th century and thirteen ceramic types.
Usage
boves
Format
A data.frame
with 8 observations (periods) and 13 variables (ceramic types).
Source
Racinet P. (2002). Le site castral et prioral de Boves du Xe au XVIIe siècle. Bilan des recherches 1996-2000. Revue archéologique de Picardie. Numéro spécial 20, 123 p.
See Also
Other count data:
birds
,
chevelon
,
compiegne
,
loire
,
merzbach
,
mississippi
,
zuni
Chinese Ritual Bronzes
Description
Chemical analysis of 369 Chinese ritual bronzes. The major elements (Cu, Sn and Pb) were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy and the trace elements using neutron activation analysis.
Usage
bronze
Format
A data.frame
with 88 observations and 22 variables (chemical elements):
- reference
integer
: catalog number.- chronology
integer
: chronology (typology).- dynasty
ordered
factor
: dynasty name.- Cu
numeric
: Cu content (ppm).- Sn
numeric
: Sn content (ppm).- Pb
numeric
: Pb content (ppm).- Zn
numeric
: Zn content (ppm).- Au
numeric
: Au content (ppm).- Ag
numeric
: Ag content (ppm).- As
numeric
: As content (ppm).- Sb
numeric
: Sb content (ppm).
Source
Wood, J. R. & Liu, Y. (2023). A Multivariate Approach to Investigate Metallurgical Technology: The Case of the Chinese Ritual Bronzes. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 30: 707-756. doi:10.1007/s10816-022-09572-8.
References
Bagley, R. W. (1987). Shang ritual bronzes in the Arthur M. Sackler collections. New York: The Arthur M. Sackler Foundation.
Rawson, J. (1990). Western Zhou ritual bronzes from the Arthur M. Sackler collections. New York: The Arthur M. Sackler Foundation.
So, J. (1995). Eastern Zhou ritual bronzes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collections. New York: The Arthur M. Sackler Foundation.
See Also
Other chemical data:
kommos
,
verre
Chevelon Ground Stone
Description
A dataset of ground stone artifact counts from the Cholla project (USA).
Usage
chevelon
Format
A data.frame
with 12 observations (sites) and 10 variables (ground stone types):
- BMe
integer
: basin metate.- SMe
integer
: slab metate.- TMe
integer
: Trough metate.- IMe
integer
: indeterminate metate.- UMa
integer
: unifacial mano.- BMa
integer
: bifacial mano.- MUHa
integer
: modified unifacial handstone.- MBHa
integer
: modified bifacial handstone.- UUHa
integer
: unmodified unifacial handstone.- UBHa
integer
: unmodified bifacial handstone.
Source
Reid, J. J. (ed.) (1982). Cholla Project Archaeology. Vol. 2. Archaeological Series 161. Tucson: University of Arizona. doi:10.6067/XCV8435710
See Also
Other count data:
birds
,
boves
,
compiegne
,
loire
,
merzbach
,
mississippi
,
zuni
Roman cities
Description
A dataset of population, area, and infrastructural measures for Roman cities of the Imperial period.
Usage
cities
Format
A data.frame
with 125 observations (Roman cities) and 8 variables:
- name
character
: site Name.- area
integer
: site area, in hectares.- population
integer
: population estimate, following the methodology in Hanson and Ortman (2017).- forum_area
integer
: total area of all fora/agorae in the site, in square meters.- street_area
integer
: total area of streets in the site, in square meters.- street_length
integer
: total length of streets in the site, in meters.- street_width
integer
: average width of streets, in square meters.- block_area
integer
: average area of a block, in square meters.
Source
Hanson, J. & Ortman, S. (2019). Population, area, and infrastructural measures for Roman cities of the Imperial period. tDAR. doi:10.6067/XCV8448563.
References
Hanson J. W. & Ortman S. G. (2017). A systematic method for estimating the populations of Greek and Roman settlements. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 30: 301-324. doi:10.1017/S1047759400074134.
Hanson J. W., Ortman S. G., Bettencourt L. M. A. & Mazur L. C. (2019). Urban form, infrastructure and spatial organisation in the Roman Empire. Antiquity, 93(369): 702-718. doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.192.
See Also
Other geographical data:
inrap
Compiègne Ceramics
Description
A dataset containing the ceramic counts from the Place des Hallettes in Compiègne (Oise, France). The data are grouped into five periods of about a century, ranging from the 9th to the 14th century, and sixteen ceramic types.
Usage
compiegne
Format
A data.frame
with 5 observations (periods) and 16 variables (ceramic types):
- A
integer
: red to white ceramics with fine sized inclusions.- B
integer
: red to white ceramics with medium sized inclusions.- C
integer
: dark ceramics with fine sized inclusions.- D
integer
: dark ceramics with medium sized inclusions.- E
integer
: ceramics close to those of groups B or D, with similarities to group F.- F
integer
: black, red or beige ceramics with coarse inclusions.- G
integer
: red polished ceramics with fine to medium sized inclusions.- H
integer
: black polished ceramics with fine sized inclusions.- I
integer
: black polished ceramics with medium sized inclusions.- J
integer
: polished and painted ceramics with fine to medium sized inclusions.- K
integer
: painted ceramics, similar to those of group A.- L
integer
: painted ceramics, similar to those of group B.- M
integer
: painted ceramics with coarse inclusions.- N
integer
: glazed ceramics.- O
integer
: stamped ceramics.- P
integer
: coated ceramics.
Chronological periods are numbered from the oldest to the most recent (from 1 to 5).
Source
Lacroix, M. C. (1997). La céramique médiévale du site des Hallettes à Compiègne (Oise). Revue archéologique de Picardie. Numéro spécial, 13(1), 135-168. doi:10.3406/pica.1997.1945
See Also
Other count data:
birds
,
boves
,
chevelon
,
loire
,
merzbach
,
mississippi
,
zuni
EPICA Dome C
Description
EPICA Dome C 800-ka composite CO_2
data.
Usage
epica2008
Format
A data.frame
with 1096 observations and 2 variables:
Source
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/6091
References
Lüthi, D., Le Floch, M., Bereiter, B., Blunier, T., Barnola, J.-M., Siegenthaler, U., Raynaud, D., Jouzel, J., Fischer, H., Kawamura, K. and Stocker, T. F. (2008). High-resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650,000-800,000 years before present. Nature, 453, 379-382. doi:10.1038/nature06949
Monnin, E., Indermuhle, A., Dallenbach, A., Fluckiger, J., Stauffer, B., Stocker, T. F., Raynaud, D. and Barnola, J.-M. (2001). Atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last glacial termination. Science, 291, 112-114. doi:10.1126/science.291.5501.112
Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N. I., Barnola, J.-M., Basile, I., Benders, M., Chappellaz, J., Davis, M., Delayque, G., Delmotte, M., Kotlyakov, V. M., Legrand, M., Lipenkov, V. Y., Lorius, C., Pepin, L., Ritz, C., Saltzman, E. and Stievenard, M. (1999). Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature, 399, 429-436. doi:10.1038/20859
Siegenthaler, U., Stocker, T. F., Monnin, E., Luthi, D., Schwander, J., Stauffer, B., Raynaud, D., Barnola, J.-M., Fischer, H., Masson-Delmotte, V., Jouzel, J. (2005). Stable Carbon Cycle-Climate Relationship During the Late Pleistocene. Science, 310, 1313-1317. doi:10.1126/science.1120130
See Also
Other palaeoenvironment data:
law2006
,
lisiecki2005
,
ngrip2004
,
ngrip2010
,
spratt2016
Examples
plot(
x = epica2008$age / 1000,
y = epica2008$CO2,
type = "l",
xlim = c(800, 0),
xlab = "kilo year BP",
ylab = expression("CO"[2]~"(ppmv)")
)
Location of Inrap Archaeological Sites
Description
A dataset of geographical locations of archaeological sites in France.
Usage
inrap
Format
A data.frame
with 625 observations (archaeological sites) and 11 variables:
- X
numeric
: longitude (RGF93 v1 / Lambert-93).- Y
numeric
: latitude (RGF93 v1 / Lambert-93).- region
character
: French region.- departement
character
: French departement.- commune
character
: French city.- site
character
: name of the site.- start
Date
: excavation start date.- end
Date
: excavation end date.- period
list
: chronology periods.- theme
list
: themes.- type
Details
This dataset presents the geographical locations of a selection of preventive archaeological excavations carried out in France by the Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap).
Source
https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/b098d16a-ae19-48e4-8c58-e659e0603acd (last update: 2024-06-03)
See Also
Other geographical data:
cities
Examples
# library(sf)
# coord <- st_as_sf(inrap, coords = c("X", "Y"), crs = st_crs(2154))
# plot(coord["region"])
IntCal09
Description
The IntCal series of radiocarbon calibration curves.
Usage
intcal09
Format
A data.frame
with 3522 observations and 5 variables:
- calBP
integer
: calendar (calibrated) age (year BP).- age
integer
: radiocarbon age (year BP).- error
integer
: radiocarbon error (year BP).- delta
numeric
: isotopic ratio\Delta^{14}C
(per mil).- sigma
numeric
: error ondelta
(per mil).
Source
Reimer, P. J., Baillie, M. G. L., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C. et al. (2009). IntCal09 and Marine09 Radiocarbon age Calibration Curves, 0-50,000 Years Cal BP. Radiocarbon, 51(4): 1111-50. doi:10.1017/S0033822200034202.
See Also
Other radiocarbon dating:
arnold1949
,
intcal13
,
intcal20
IntCal13
Description
The IntCal series of radiocarbon calibration curves.
Usage
intcal13
Format
A data.frame
with 5141 observations and 5 variables:
- calBP
integer
: calendar (calibrated) age (year BP).- age
integer
: radiocarbon age (year BP).- error
integer
: radiocarbon error (year BP).- delta
numeric
: isotopic ratio\Delta^{14}C
(per mil).- sigma
numeric
: error ondelta
(per mil).
Source
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E. Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Buck, C. E. et al. (2013). IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon age Calibration Curves 0-50,000 Years cal BP. Radiocarbon, 55(4): 1869-87. doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947.
See Also
Other radiocarbon dating:
arnold1949
,
intcal09
,
intcal20
IntCal20
Description
The IntCal series of radiocarbon calibration curves.
Usage
intcal20
Format
A data.frame
with 9501 observations and 5 variables:
- calBP
integer
: calendar (calibrated) age (year BP).- age
integer
: radiocarbon age (year BP).- error
integer
: radiocarbon error (year BP).- delta
numeric
: isotopic ratio\Delta^{14}C
(per mil).- sigma
numeric
: error ondelta
(per mil).
Source
Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M. et al. (2020). The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon âge Calibration Curve (0-55 Cal KBP). Radiocarbon, 62(4), 725-757. doi:10.1017/RDC.2020.41.
See Also
Other radiocarbon dating:
arnold1949
,
intcal09
,
intcal13
Transport Jars from Kommos (Crete)
Description
Chemical analysis (neutron activation analysis) of 88 Late Bronze Age transport jars found in excavations at Kommos, Crete.
Usage
kommos
Format
A data.frame
with 88 observations and 22 variables (chemical elements):
- type
factor
:CJ
(Canaanite jar),EJ
(Egyptian jar);TSJ
(transport stirrup jar),SNA
(short-necked amphora).- date
character
: chronology (period).- Sm
numeric
: Sm content (ppm).- Lu
numeric
: Lu content (ppm).- U
numeric
: U content (ppm).- Yb
numeric
: Yb content (ppm).- As
numeric
: As content (ppm).- Sb
numeric
: Sb content (ppm).- Ca
numeric
: Ca content (ppm).- Na
numeric
: Na content (ppm).- La
numeric
: La content (ppm).- Ce
numeric
: Ce content (ppm).- Th
numeric
: Th content (ppm).- Cr
numeric
: Cr content (ppm).- Hf
numeric
: Hf content (ppm).- Cs
numeric
: Cs content (ppm).- Sc
numeric
: Sc content (ppm).- Rb
numeric
: Rb content (ppm).- Fe
numeric
: Fe content (ppm).- Ta
numeric
: Ta content (ppm).- Co
numeric
: Co content (ppm).- Eu
numeric
: Eu content (ppm).
References
Day, P. M., Quinn, P. S., Rutter, J. B. & Kilikoglou, V. (2011). A World of Goods: Transport Jars and Commodity Exchange at the Late Bronze Age Harbor of Kommos, Crete. Hesperia, 80, 511-558. doi:10.2972/hesperia.80.4.0511
See Also
Other chemical data:
bronze
,
verre
Law Dome Ice Core
Description
Law Dome Ice Core 2000-year CH_4
, CO_2
and
N_{2}O
data.
Usage
law2006
Format
A data.frame
with 2004 observations and 8 variables:
- year
integer
: year AD.- NOAA04
numeric
: NOAA04CH_4
scale.- CH4_spl
numeric
:CH_4
spline (ppb).- CH4_grw
numeric
:CH_4
growth Rate (ppb/yr).- CO2_spl
numeric
:CO_2
spline (ppb).- CO2_grw
numeric
:CO_2
growth Rate (ppb/yr).- N2O_spl
numeric
:N_{2}O
spline (ppb).- N2O_grw
numeric
:N_{2}O
growth Rate (ppb/yr).
Source
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/9959
References
MacFarling Meure, C., Etheridge, D., Trudinger, C., Steele, P., Langenfelds, R., van Ommen, T., Smith, A. and Elkins, J. (2006). The Law Dome CO2, CH4 and N2O Ice Core Records Extended to 2000 years BP. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(14), L14810. doi:10.1029/2006GL026152.
See Also
Other palaeoenvironment data:
epica2008
,
lisiecki2005
,
ngrip2004
,
ngrip2010
,
spratt2016
Examples
plot(
x = law2006$year,
y = law2006$CO2_spl,
type = "l",
xlab = "Year AD",
ylab = expression("CO"[2]~"(ppm)")
)
Global Benthic \delta^{18}O
Stack
Description
A global Pliocene-Pleistocene benthic \delta^{18}O
stack.
Usage
lisiecki2005
Format
A data.frame
with 2115 observations and 3 variables:
- age
numeric
: calendar age (kilo year cal BP).- delta
numeric
: benthic\delta^{18}O
(per mil).- error
numeric
: standard error (per mil).
Details
The LR04 stack spans 5.3 Myr and is an average of 57 globally distributed
benthic \delta^{18}O
records (which measure global ice
volume and deep ocean temperature) collected from the scientific literature.
Source
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/5847
References
Lisiecki, L. E. and Raymo, M. E. (2005). A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic d18O records. Paleoceanography, 20, PA1003. doi:10.1029/2004PA001071
See Also
Other palaeoenvironment data:
epica2008
,
law2006
,
ngrip2004
,
ngrip2010
,
spratt2016
Other isotopic data:
ngrip2004
,
ngrip2010
,
nydal1996
,
spratt2016
,
vegetation
Examples
plot(
x = lisiecki2005$age,
y = lisiecki2005$delta,
type = "l",
xlim = c(500, 0),
xlab = "kilo year BP",
ylab = expression(delta^{18}*"O")
)
Medieval Ceramics from the Loire Basin
Description
A dataset containing the ceramic counts from the Loire Basin (France).
Usage
loire
Format
A data.frame
with 332 observations (assemblages) and 331 variables (ceramic types).
The first five columns provide background information, the next columns give
the MNI of each ceramic types:
- site
character
: name of the archaeological site.- city
character
: city.- area
character
: geographical area.- lower
integer
: lower bound of the temporal range (year AD).- upper
integer
: upper bound of the temporal range (year AD).
Source
https://ceramedvaldeloire.huma-num.fr/editions/suppl79racf2022/accueil
References
Husi, P. (dir.). (2022). La céramique médiévale et moderne du bassin de la Loire moyenne, chrono-typologie et transformation des aires culturelles dans la longue durée (6e-19e s.). Suppléments à la revue Archéologique du Centre de la France, 79.
See Also
Other count data:
birds
,
boves
,
chevelon
,
compiegne
,
merzbach
,
mississippi
,
zuni
Merzbach Ceramics
Description
A dataset containing the ceramic counts from the Merzbach assemblage (Germany). The data are grouped into eight phases.
Usage
merzbach
Format
A data.frame
with 8 observations (chronological phases) and 36 variables (pottery motifs).
Source
Crema, E. R. (2016). Sample codes and data for "Revealing patterns of cultural transmission from frequency data: equilibrium and non-equilibrium assumptions". Zenodo, v1.0. doi:10.5281/zenodo.187558.
References
Crema, E. R., Kandler, A. & Shennan, S. (2016). Revealing Patterns of Cultural Transmission from Frequency Data: Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Assumptions. Scientific Reports, 6(1). doi:10.1038/srep39122.
See Also
Other count data:
birds
,
boves
,
chevelon
,
compiegne
,
loire
,
mississippi
,
zuni
Mississippi Ceramics
Description
A dataset containing ceramic counts from the Mississippi region.
Usage
mississippi
Format
A data.frame
with 20 observations and 10 variables (ceramic types):
- ParkinPunctate
- BartonKentMPI
- Painted
- FortuneNoded
- RanchIncised
- WallsEngraved
- WallaceIncised
- RhodesIncised
- VernonPaulApplique
- HullEngraved
Source
Lipo, C. P., Madsen, M. E. & Dunnell, R. C. (2015). A Theoretically-Sufficient and Computationally-Practical Technique for Deterministic Frequency Seriation. PLOS ONE, 10(4), e0124942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124942.
See Also
Other count data:
birds
,
boves
,
chevelon
,
compiegne
,
loire
,
merzbach
,
zuni
Münsingen Cemetery
Description
A dataset of data set of artifact presence/absence for the Celtic Münsingen-Rain cemetery (Switzerland).
Usage
munsingen
Format
A data.frame
with 59 observations (graves) and 70 variables (artefact types).
References
Hodson, F. R. (1968). The La Tene Cemetery at Münsingen-Rain. Stämpfli, Bern.
Kendall, D. G. (1971). Seriation from abundance matrices. In Hodson, F. R., Kendall, D. G. and Tautu, P. (eds), Mathematics in the Archaeological and Historical Sciences. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 215-232.
See Also
Other artefact data:
shipwrecks
Examples
heatmap(
x = as.matrix(munsingen),
Rowv = NA,
Colv = NA,
scale = "none",
col = c("white", "black")
)
NGRIP 50-year Average
Description
50-year averaged oxygen isotope data from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (ss09sea time scale).
Usage
ngrip2004
Format
A data.frame
with 4918 observations and 2 variables:
- age
integer
: calendar age (years before 2000 AD), ss09sea time scale.- delta
numeric
:\delta^{18}O
(per mil).
Source
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/2481
References
North Greenland Ice Core Project members (2004). High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period. Nature, 431(7005), 147-151. doi:10.1038/nature02805
See Also
Other palaeoenvironment data:
epica2008
,
law2006
,
lisiecki2005
,
ngrip2010
,
spratt2016
Other isotopic data:
lisiecki2005
,
ngrip2010
,
nydal1996
,
spratt2016
,
vegetation
Examples
plot(
x = ngrip2004$age / 1000,
y = ngrip2004$delta,
type = "l",
xlim = c(120, 0),
xlab = "ss09sea (ka b2k)",
ylab = expression(delta^{18}*"O")
)
NGRIP 20-year Average
Description
20-year averaged oxygen isotope data from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (GICC05 time scale).
Usage
ngrip2010
Format
A data.frame
with 6114 observations and 4 variables:
- age
integer
: calendar age (years before 2000 AD), GICC05 time scale (or GICC05modelext when going beyond 60 ka b2k).- depth
numeric
: depth (meters).- delta
numeric
:\delta^{18}O
(per mil).- MCE
numeric
: maximum counting error (years).
Note
Use the labels GICC05 (or GICC05modelext when going beyond 60 ka b2k) on graphs.
Source
https://www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk/data/
References
Vinther, B. M., Clausen, H. B., Johnsen, S. J., Rasmussen, S. O., Andersen, K. K., Buchardt, S. L., Dahl-Jensen, D., Seierstad, I. K., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Steffensen, J. P., Svensson, A. M., Olsen, J. & Heinemeier, J. (2006). A synchronized dating of three Greenland ice cores throughout the Holocene. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D13102. doi:10.1029/2005JD006921.
Rasmussen, S. O., Andersen, K. K., Svensson, A. M., Steffensen, J. P., Vinther, B. M., Clausen, H. B., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Johnsen, S. J., Larsen, L. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Bigler, M., Röthlisberger, R., Fischer, H., Goto-Azuma, K., Hansson, M. E. & Ruth, U. (2006). A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial termination. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D06102. doi:10.1029/2005JD006079.
Andersen, K. K., Svensson, A., Johnsen, S. J., Rasmussen, S. O., Bigler, M., Röthlisberger, R., Ruth, U., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Steffensen, J. P., Dahl-Jensen, D., Vinther, B. M. & Clausen, H.B. (2005). The Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005, 15-42 ka. Part 1: Constructing the time scale. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25(23-24):3246-3257. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.08.002.
Svensson, A., Andersen, K. K., Bigler, M., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Davies, S. M., Johnsen, S. J., Muscheler, R., Rasmussen, S. O., Röthlisberger, R., Seierstad, I., Steffensen, J. P. & Vinther, B. M. (2008). A 60,000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology. Climate of the Past, 4:47–57. doi:10.5194/cp-4-47-2008.
Wolff, E. W., Chappellaz, J., Blunier, T., Rasmussen, S. O. & Svensson, A. (2010). Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial: The ice core record. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29:2828-2838. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.10.013.
See Also
Other palaeoenvironment data:
epica2008
,
law2006
,
lisiecki2005
,
ngrip2004
,
spratt2016
Other isotopic data:
lisiecki2005
,
ngrip2004
,
nydal1996
,
spratt2016
,
vegetation
Examples
plot(
x = ngrip2010$age / 1000,
y = ngrip2010$delta,
type = "l",
xlim = c(120, 0),
xlab = "GICC05",
ylab = expression(delta^{18}*"O")
)
{}^{14}C
Measurements in Atmospheric CO_2
Description
Corrected {}^{14}C
measurements from air samples collected at five
Norwegian sites from 1962-1993.
Usage
nydal1996
Format
A data.frame
with 620 observations and 5 variables:
- site
character
: sampling station.- start
Date
: beginning date of the sampling period.- end
Date
: ending date of the sampling period.- delta
numeric
: isotopic ratio\Delta^{14}C
(per mil).- sigma
numeric
: error ondelta
(per mil).
Source
Nydal, R. and Lövseth, K. (1996). Carbon-14 Measurements in Atmospheric CO2 from Northern and Southern Hemisphere Sites, 1962-1993. ORNL/CDIAC-93; NDP-057. Washington, DC: USDOE Office of Energy Research. doi:10.2172/461185
See Also
Other isotopic data:
lisiecki2005
,
ngrip2004
,
ngrip2010
,
spratt2016
,
vegetation
Examples
plot(
x = nydal1996$start,
y = nydal1996$delta,
type = "p",
xlab = "Date",
ylab = expression(Delta^{14}*"C")
)
Mediterranean Shipwrecks
Description
A dataset of Mediterranean shipwrecks.
Usage
shipwrecks
Format
A data.frame
with 1784 observations (wrecks) and 13 variables:
- name
character
: wreck name.- sea
character
: region of the sea where the wreck was discovered.- country
character
: country where the wreck was discovered.- region
character
: region where the wreck was discovered.- depth_min
integer
: minimum depth of the wreck (m).- depth_max
integer
: maximum depth of the wreck (m).- depth
character
: depth of the wreck (m).- period
character
: chronology (period).- dating
character
: chronology (dating).- date_early
integer
: earliest date.- date_late
integer
: latest date.- origin
character
: place of origin.- destination
character
: place of destination.
Note
This dataset contains typos and needs to be normalized.
Source
Strauss, J. (2013). Shipwrecks Database. Version 1.0. Accessed 2022-08-13. URL: https://oxrep.classics.ox.ac.uk/databases/shipwrecks_database/
References
Parker, A. J. (1992). Ancient Shipwrecks of the Mediterranean and the Roman Provinces. British Archaeological Reports International Series 580. Oxford.
Strauss, E. J. (2007). Roman Cargoes: Underwater Evidence from the Eastern Mediterranean. Doctoral thesis, University College London. URL: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1349806.
See Also
Other artefact data:
munsingen
Late Pleistocene Sea Level Stack
Description
A Late Pleistocene sea level stack based on marine sediment core data
(foraminiferal carbonate \delta^{18}O
).
Usage
spratt2016
Format
A data.frame
with 799 observations and 9 variables:
- age_calkaBP
integer
: age (calendar kilo year BP).- SeaLev_shortPC1
numeric
: sea Level (meters above present day), climate reconstructions (scaled first principal component of seven sea level reconstructions (0-430 ka)).- SeaLev_shortPC1_err_sig
numeric
: sea Level standard deviation from bootstrap (meters), climate reconstructions (scaled first principal component of seven sea level reconstructions (0-430 ka)).- SeaLev_shortPC1_err_lo
numeric
: sea Level 95% confidence interval lower bound (meters), climate reconstructions (scaled first principal component of seven sea level reconstructions (0-430 ka)).- SeaLev_shortPC1_err_up
numeric
: sea Level 95% confidence interval upper bound (meters), climate reconstructions (scaled first principal component of seven sea level reconstructions (0-430 ka)).- SeaLev_longPC1
numeric
: sea Level (meters above present day), climate reconstructions (scaled first principal component of five sea level reconstructions (0-798 ka)).- SeaLev_longPC1_err_sig
numeric
: sea Level standard deviation from bootstrap (meters), climate reconstructions (scaled first principal component of five sea level reconstructions (0-798 ka)).- SeaLev_longPC1_err_lo
numeric
: sea Level 95% confidence interval lower bound (meters), climate reconstructions (scaled first principal component of five sea level reconstructions (0-798 ka)).- SeaLev_longPC1_err_up
numeric
: sea Level 95% confidence interval upper bound (meters), climate reconstructions (scaled first principal component of five sea level reconstructions (0-798 ka)).
Source
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/19982
References
Spratt, R. M. and Lisiecki, L. E. (2016). A Late Pleistocene sea level stack. Climate of the Past, 12, 1079-1092. doi:10.5194/cp-12-1079-2016
See Also
Other palaeoenvironment data:
epica2008
,
law2006
,
lisiecki2005
,
ngrip2004
,
ngrip2010
Other isotopic data:
lisiecki2005
,
ngrip2004
,
ngrip2010
,
nydal1996
,
vegetation
Examples
plot(
x = spratt2016$age_calkaBP,
y = spratt2016$SeaLev_longPC1,
type = "l",
xlim = c(500, 0),
xlab = "kilo year BP",
ylab = "Sea level (meters above present)"
)
Chronostratigraphic Chart
Description
The ICS international chronostratigraphic chart (v2022/2).
Usage
stratigraphy
Format
A data.frame
with 176 observations and 5 variables:
- type
character
: unit type ("eon
", "era
", "period
", "series
" or "stage
"). Precambrian and Hadean are informal units.- name
character
: unit name.- age
numeric
: numerical age (Ma).- error
numeric
: error on numericalage
(Ma).- parent
character
: parent unit.
Source
https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2022-02.pdf
References
Cohen, K. M., Finney, S. C., Gibbard, P. L. and Fan, J.-X. (2013). The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes, 36(3): 199-204. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002
\delta^{13}C
Values for Vegetation
Description
\delta^{13}C
Values for Vegetation
Usage
vegetation
Format
A data.frame
with 155 observations and 5 variables:
- family
character
: plant family.- species
character
: plant species.- type
character
: C3 or C4 plant.- delta
numeric
: isotopic ratio\delta^{13}C
(per mil).- country
character
: country.
Source
Cerling, T. E. and Harris, J. M. (1999). Carbon isotope fractionation between diet and bioapatite in ungulate mammals and implications for ecological and paleoecological studies. Oecologia, 120, 347-363. doi:10.1007/s004420050868
See Also
Other isotopic data:
lisiecki2005
,
ngrip2004
,
ngrip2010
,
nydal1996
,
spratt2016
Examples
hist(
x = vegetation$delta,
breaks = 20,
main = "C3 and C4 plants",
xlab = expression(delta^{13}*"C"),
xlim = c(-40, 0)
)
boxplot(
delta ~ type,
data = vegetation,
horizontal = TRUE,
xlab = expression(delta^{13}*"C"),
ylab = "Plant",
ylim = c(-40, 0)
)
French Medieval Glass Composition
Description
Chemical analysis (electron probe X-ray micro analysis) of 398 medieval glass vessels found in France.
Usage
verre
Format
A data.frame
with 398 observations and 17 variables:
- Site
factor
:CNL
(Cour Napoléon, Louvre),ORL
(Orléans),POI
(Poitiers),ANG
(Angers),OMO
(Omonville, Seine Maritime),ROU
(Rouen),MEA
(Meaux),CHL
(Châlons-sur-Marne),PAI
(Pairu, Argonne, Ardennes),BER
(Bercettes, Argonne, Ardennes),BIN
(Binois, Argonne, Ardennes),CHE
(Chevrie, Argonne, Ardennes),MIT
(Mitte, Argonne, Ardennes),MET
(Metz),CHM
(Chambaran).- Sample
character
: sample code.- Type
character
: typology.- Age
character
: century.- Periode
factor
:I
(9th-12th century),II
(13th-first half of the 15th century),III
(end of the 15th to end of the 16th century),IV
(end of 16th to end of the 17th century).- Tint
factor
:?
(unknown),B
(blue),CL
(colourless),CLg
(colourless – greyish tint),PB
(pale blue;PGE
: pale greenish),PGE-B
(pale green-blue or blue-green),PGY-B
(pale grey-blue),R
(opaque red),W
(opaque white),*av
(added aventurine spots),*bl
(added thread blue or blue spots),*r
(added thread opaque red or opaque red spots),*w
(added thread opaque white).- Na2O
numeric
: Na2O content (percent).- CaO
numeric
: CaO content (percent).- K2O
numeric
: K2O content (percent).- MgO
numeric
: MgO content (percent).- P2O5
numeric
: P2O5 content (percent).- SiO2
numeric
: SiO2 content (percent).- Al2O3
numeric
: Al2O3 content (percent).- FeO
numeric
: FeO content (percent).- MnO
numeric
: MnO content (percent).- Cl
numeric
: Cl content (percent).- Reference
character
: site reference.
References
Barrera J., Velde B. (1989). A study of french medieval glass composition. Archéologie médiévale, 19, 81-130. doi:10.3406/arcme.1989.953.
See Also
Other chemical data:
bronze
,
kommos
Examples
plot(
x = verre$Na2O,
y = verre$CaO / (verre$CaO + verre$K2O),
type = "p",
xlab = expression("Na"[2]*"O (%)"),
ylab = expression("CaO"/"(CaO"+"K"[2]*"O)")
)
Zuni Ceramics
Description
A dataset containing ceramic counts from the Zuni region of the American Southwest.
Usage
zuni
Format
A data.frame
with 420 observations (assemblages) and 18 variables (ceramic types):
- LINO
integer
: Lino Gray (575-875).- KIAT
integer
: Kiatuthlanna Black-on-white (850-910).- RED
integer
: Red Mesa Black-on-white (900-1030).- GALL
integer
: Gallup Black-on-white (1025-1150).- ESC
integer
: Escavada Black-on-white (1050-1150).- PUBW
integer
: Puerco Black-on-white (1050-1200).- RES
integer
: Reserve Black-on-white (1071-1115).- TULA
integer
: Tularosa Black-on-white (1175-1300).- PINE
integer
: Pinedale Black-on-white (1275-1325).- PUBR
integer
: Puerco Black-on-red (1050-1200).- WING
integer
: Wingate Black-on-red (1070-1200).- WIPO
integer
: Wingate Polychrome (1150-1250).- SJ
integer
: St. Johns Black-on-red/Polychrome (1200-1300).- LSJ
integer
: St. Johns glaze, Techado Polychrome (1275-1300).- SPR
integer
: Springerville Polychrome (1250-1300).- PINER
integer
: Pinedale Black-on-red/Polychrome (1275-1325).- HESH
integer
: Heshotauthla Polychrome (1285-1400).- KWAK
integer
: Kwakina Polychrome (1285-1400).
The numbers in brackets correspond to the date range of each type (in AD years).
Source
Peeples, M. A., & Schachner, G. (2012). Refining correspondence analysis-based ceramic seriation of regional data sets. Journal of Archaeological Science, 39(8), 2818-2827. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2012.04.040.
See Also
Other count data:
birds
,
boves
,
chevelon
,
compiegne
,
loire
,
merzbach
,
mississippi